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EFFECT OF HOMOEOPATHIC MOTHER TINCTURES
AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM & MURRAYA KOENIGII
ON
DIABETES TYPE II
By
DR. MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR QURESHI, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
Homoeopathic mother tinctures of Amygdalus Persica Folium & Murraya Koenigii were used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II.
In the present studies; fifteen patients were selected for Amygdalus Persica Folium & sixteen patients were treated with Murraya Koenigii
The medicines were given for thirty days and blood sugar levels at fasting and random was estimated for the first, tenth and thirtieth day in order to observe the effect of this mother tincture.
The treatment showed a significant decrease in the blood sugar level.
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes means excessive urination. It is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and relative insulin deficiency, resistance or both. It affects more than 120 million people worldwide and it is estimated that it will affect 220 million people by the year 2020
Diabetes may be primary or secondary. Primary diabetes has two main forms namely INSULIN DEPENDANT (IDDM) and NON INSULIN DEPENDANT (NIDDM) which are also referred as Type I and Type II diabetes respectively.
Type II diabetes mellitus is among the most common disorders in the developed and developing countries.
The diabetes mellitus patient requires good dietary knowledge and this diet management treatment should be tried first. If the diet management is of little benefit, then medicinal treatment is followed up.
In Allopathic treatment there are three groups of antihyperglycemic agents available i.e. Sulphonyl ureas, Bigunides and α - glycoside inhibitors
Apart from the use of traditional drugs in Type II diabetes mellitus, there is a large size of population which opts for non traditional treatment with homoeopathic treatment in particular. In homoeopathy following medicines are usually prescribed
Cephalandra Indica
Gymnema Sylvestre
Syzygium Jambolanum
Uranium Nitricum
Natrum Muriaticum
Acid Acetic
Acid Phosphoric
Bovista
Calcarea Carbonica
Lycopodium Clavatum
Phosphorus
Plumbum Metallicum
Sulphur
Natrum Sulph etc.
METHODS
Fasting and random blood samples of all the patients were taken before starting the homoeopathic treatment. The sugar content in the blood was measured by enzymatic chlori method which is based on Trinder Reaction.
The mother tinctures Amygdalus Persica & Murraya Koenigii were obtained from
Dr Masood’s Homoeopathic Stores and Hospital, Lahore.
Prevalence of Diabetes in Different Regional and Religious South Asian Communities in Coventry (UK)
In this study, 4395 resident Asians out of which 94% were represented by five communities namely:
Punjabi Sikhs
Punjabi Hindus
Gujarati Muslims
Gujarati Hindus
Pakistani Muslims
Gujarati Muslims had the highest prevalence of Diabetes type II. (Males: 160 out of 1000 & females 204 out of 1000).
In males
Punjabi Sikhs 89 out of 1000
Pakistani Muslims 91 out of 1000
Gujarati Hindus 84 out of 1000
Punjabi Hindus 113 out of 1000
In Females
Punjabi Sikhs 75 out of 1000
Pakistani Muslims 103 out of 1000
Gujarati Hindus 88 out of 1000
Punjabi Hindus 116 out of 1000
This study shows the high prevalence of Diabetes Type II among Asian Community meaning that
1 in 10 persons are suffering from this disease. (8)
AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM
Amygdalus persica is an old folk medicine used for the treatment of vomiting, laxative and also to expel worms (4)
Hesperetin flavonoid found in Amygdalus Persica is an antibacterial, antiviral agent which also induces RNA in rat liver nuclei (5)
The leaves bark and kernels have medicinal virtue. Both the leaves and the bark are still employed for their curative powers. They have demulcent, sedative, diuretic and expectorant action (6).
The fresh leaves were stated by the older herbalists to possess the power of expelling worms if applied outwardly to the body as a poultice. An infusion of the dried leaves was also recommended for the same purpose (6)
In Italy, at the present day, there is a popular belief that if fresh peach leaves are applied to the wart and then buried, the wart will fall off by the time the buried leaves have decayed. (6)
However the mechanism of Amygdalus Persica on the glucose lowering effect is still unclear.
METHODS
Fifteen patients suffering from diabetes type II were selected for treatment with homoeopathic mother tincture of Amygdalus Persica Folium. The age of the patients varied from 40 to 75 years and all belonged to Lahore City. The symptoms, signs, ages and sex of the patient are listed in Table 1.
DOSAGE
30 – 40 drops of Amygdalus Persica mother tincture three to four times a day
# Sex Age
(years) Symptoms Sign Medication Family History Observations
Blood Serum Glucose mg/dl
1st Day 10th Day 30th Day Difference
1st & 10th Day Difference
10th & 30th Day
1 Male 77 Diabetic for last 27 years. H/o Polyuria, weakness and weight loss with diminished eyesight Pulse= 85/min.
BP=140/90 mmHg
Weight = 60kg Daonil 1 + 1
Glucophage
1+1+1 Positive BSF 220
BSR 463 BSF 180
BSR 280 BSF 135
BSR 220 BSF 40
BSR 183 BSF 45
BSR 60
2 Male 60 Diabetic for last 7 years. Patient of chronic liver disease. H/o weight loss and lethargy Pulse= 70/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=62 kg Positive BSF 190
BSR 300 BSF 95
BSR 170 BSF 90
BSR 150 BSF 95
BSR 130
BSF 5
BSR 20
3 Male 71 Diabetic for last 10 years H/o polyuria, nocturia, polyphagia and polydepsia Pulse= 90/min
BP=140/95 mmHg
Weight=70 kg Positive BSF 196
BSR 236
BSF 150
BSR 195 BSF 132
BSR 185 BSF 46
BSR 41 BSF 18
BSR 10
4 Male 45 Diabetic for last 10 years. Polyuria, polydepsia
Weakness, lethargy with numbness of feet. Pulse= 60/min
BP=130/90 mmHg
Weight=75 kg Positive BSF 180
BSR 240 BSF 140
BSR 200 BSF 110
BSR 175 BSF 40
BSR 40 BSF 30
BSR25
5 Female 48 Diabetic since last 8 years. H/o weakness and Pulse= 77/min
BP=140/100 mmHg
Weight=55 kg Daonil 1 x OD
Glucophage
1 x BD Positive BSF 175
BSR 226 BSF 140
BSR 205 BSF 110
BSR 188 BSF 35
BSR 21 BSF 30
BSR 17
6 Male 63 Diabetic since last 12 years. H/o nocturia, polyphagia, polydepsia Pulse= 71/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
Weight=67 kg Positive BSF 167
BSR 225 BSF 114
BSR 197 BSF 96
BSR 151 BSF 53
BSR 28 BSF 18
BSR 46
7 Female 55 Diabetic since last 10 years. Complains of generalized weakness with numbness of hands and feet. Pulse= 90/min
BP=150/100 mmHg
Weight=78 kg Negative BSF 176
BSR 245 BSF 140
BSR 210 BSF 125
BSR 187 BSF 36
BSR 35 BSF 15
BSR 23
8 Male 43 Known diabetic for last 5 years. Complains of polyphagia with gradual weight loss Pulse= 63/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=42 kg Positive BSF 270
BSR 340
BSF 204
BSR 300 BSF 120
BSR 190 BSF 66
BSR 40 BSF 84
BSR 110
9 Male 78 Diabetic for last 18 years. Complaining of pain in chest, walks with weakness and nocturia Pulse= 85/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
Weight=51 kg
Positive BSF 150
BSR 200 BSF 110
BSR 160 BSF 90
BSR 135 BSF 40
BSR 40 BSF 20
BSR 25
10 Male 40 Diabetic since last 5 years. Polyuria, polydepsia Pulse= 62/min
BP=120/90 mmHg
Weight=60 kg Positive BSF 200
BSR 365
BSF 157
BSR 275 BSF 128
BSR 197 BSF 43
BSR 90 BSF 29
BSR 78
11 Male 50 Known diabetic since last 6 years. Complains of dry mouth, thirst and Pulse= 78/min
BP=155/100 mmHg
Weight=73 kg Positive BSF 170
BSR 250 BSF 148
BSR 215 BSF 119
BSR 184
BSF 22
BSR35 BSF 29
BSR 31
12 Male 42 Diabetic since last 3 months. Complains of polyuria, polydepsia. Weight loss and weakness. Pulse= 70/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=59 kg Positive BSF 215
BSR 378
BSF 168
BSR 260 BSF 134
BSR 188 BSF 47
BSR 118 BSF 34
BSR 72
13 Male 50 H/o weakness and lethargy. Known diabetic since last 5 years Pulse= 88/min
BP=140/90 mmHg
Weight=70 kg Positive BSF 247
BSR 410
BSF 204
BSR 328 BSF 167
BSR 221 BSF 43
BSR 82 BSF 37
BSR 107
14 Male 40 Complains of with burning sensation in feet. Pulse= 78/min
BP=130/85 mmHg
Weight=80 kg Positive BSF 180
BSR 292
BSF 153
BSR 237 BSF 109
BSR 164 BSF 27
BSR 55 BSF 44
BSR 73
15 Male 55 Diabetic since last 15 years. Complains of lethargy and weakness Pulse=90/min.
BP=150/100 mm Hg
Weight = 51 kg Positive BSF 280
BSR 431
BSF 214
BSR 310 BSF 172
BSR 215 BSF 66
BSR 121 BSF 42
BSR 95
BSF: BLOOD SUGAR FASTING ;
BSR: BLOOD SUGAR RANDOM
TYPICAL PICTURE OF AN AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM PATIENT
Amygdalus Persica Folium patient are usually tall, stout with fair to sallow complexion, having a tendency to lose weight. There is a definite history of mental shock prior to diabetes. These patients are generally carefree, cheerful and least worried about their disease. Patients are emaciated with the complaint of lethargy and weakness with nocturia
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The present study demonstrates that Amygdalus Persica mother tincture prepared according to Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in ethyl alcohol and water attenuates the elevation of serum glucose concentration in patients suffering from diabetes type II. There could be three possible mode of actions of Amygdalus Persica which needs further studies to clearly demonstrate the actual mode of action.
By enhancing the insulin release from the beta cells from islets of langarhan in pancreas
Inhibition of glucose absorption from the large intestine or by increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the body at receptor level.
(Author’s Theory)
As already mentioned above the traditional use of Amygdalus Persica is to clear the gastrointestinal tract from the worms (wormicidal). So it could be a possibility that in our part of the world (Sub continent and South East Asia) where there is a high prevalence of intestinal worms, and the worms living in our large gut might be secreting a lot of by products of their own metabolism.
These metabolics can be absorbed from the intestine and hence in the blood where they can act as either insulin antagonists or binding with insulin receptors thereby rendering the insulin ineffective and causing Diabetes Type II.
Amygdalus Persica by causing expulsion of these worms and cleaning the gastrointestinal tract can possibly lead insulin to act in a proper way and this leads to lowering of serum blood glucose levels.
Result
The presence or high prevalence of these worms among Asian population can be a contributing factor to Diabetes Type II.
MURRAYA KOENIGII (CURRY LEAVES)
Chemical Composition
The essential oil of curry leaf contains
0 – 45% sabienene,
0 – 38% alpha-pinene,
1 – 29% beta-caryophylene,
1 – 24% beta-gurjunene.
Both the seeds and the leaves are rich in numerous carbazole alkaloids of unknown toxicity. (6)
MEDICINAL USES
In Asian cooking, the curry leaf is rarely eaten but is used for giving exotic flavour to dishes
There is an old Indian saying which compares curry leaf to a “person who is used for a particular aim or task before being discarded”.
Medicinally, it is used for digestive complaints. (4)
The juice of the root is taken to relive a pain associated with kidney.
The leaves yield an essential oil 0.04%. The paste of the leaves is applied on urticaria. The leaves possess carminative properties. The bark is used externally to treat eruptions and bites of poisonous insects and reptiles (very similar to Gymnema Sylvestre) (5)
Contains alkaloid with anti fungal activity.
The juice of the leaves contains vitamin C and minerals including calcium, phosphorus and iron.
It is used as herbal tonic for digestive disorders. Eating fresh leaves is reputed by some to help prevent the onset of diabetes and to induce weight loss (7)
METHODS
Sixteen patients suffering from diabetes type II were selected for treatment with Homoeopathic mother tincture of Murraya Koenigii. The age of the patients varied from 35 to 75 years and all belonged to Lahore City.
The symptoms, signs, ages and sex of the patient are listed in Table 2.
DOSAGE
20 – 30 drops of Murraya Koenigii mother tincture three to four times a day
CLINICAL PRESENTATION, OBSERVATIONS OF A MURRAYA KOENIGII PATIENT
Murraya Koenigii patient are usually of middle height with shallow to dark complexion with normal weight. There is a definite history of mental shock and depression prior to the onset of diabetes (feeling of being used by close ones before being discarded).
Patients are inclined towards social work.
Head
Short tempered with heaviness in head, mental depression and are always cribbing
Stomach
Indigestion with regurgitation of food and heaviness in pyloric region after taking food. Constipation.
Urine
Unable to retain urine. Nocturia with copious urination.
Relationship
Compare Syzygium Jamb, Amygdalus Persica Folium, Abroma Augusta, Acid Phos etc.
#
Age/
Sex Symptoms Sign Observations
Blood Serum Glucose mg/dl
1st Day 10th Day 30th Day Difference
1st & 10th Day Difference
10th & 30th Day
1 68/
Male Polyuria , Polydepsia with H/o, weight loss Pulse= 70/min.
BP=130/90 mmHg
BSF 195
BSR 270 BSF 175
BSR 240 BSF 128
BSR 175 BSF 20
BSR 30 BSF 47
BSR 65
2 65/
Male Diabetic for last 16 years. Family history of diabetes. H/o Nocturia and polyuria Pulse= 80/min
BP=150/90 mmHg
Wound on thumb BSF 210
BSR 365 BSF 170
BSR 270 BSF 130
BSR 200 BSF 40
BSR 95
BSF 40
BSR 70
3 65/
Male Diabetic for last 1 year
Family history -ve
H/o weight loss and general weakness Pulse= 85/min
BP=130/80 mmHg
BSF 190
BSR 260
BSF 135
BSR 210 BSF 115
BSR 155 BSF 55
BSR 50 BSF 20
BSR 55
4 70/
Female Known diabetic for last 10 years. With H/o numbness in limbs and Polyphegia, polydepsia
Pulse= 86/min
BP=140/95 mmHg
BSF 165
BSR 225 BSF 127
BSR 200 BSF 118
BSR 165 BSF 38
BSR 25 BSF 9
BSR 35
5 71/
Male Recently diagnosed diabetes with family history of diabetes. C/o ploydepsia,nocturia & weakness Pulse= 90/min
BP=160/70 mmHg
BSF 160
BSR 225 BSF 135
BSR 170 BSF 105
BSR 146 BSF 25
BSR 55 BSF 30
BSR 24
6 41/
Male Diabetic since last 7 - 8 years. With C/o tiredness, lethargy and polyphagia with weight loss Pulse= 78/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
BSF 150
BSR 245 BSF 135
BSR 210 BSF 115
BSR 190 BSF 15
BSR 35 BSF 20
BSR 20
7 50/
Female Diabetic since last 10 years. H/o Complains of generalized body pain with sciatica and increased urination. Pulse= 86/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
BSF 210
BSR 340 BSF 180
BSR 265 BSF 145
BSR 200 BSF 30
BSR 75 BSF 35
BSR 65
8
65/
Male Diabetic since last 23 years with positive family history. C/o blurred vision, breathlessness Pulse= 87/min
BP=150/100 mmHg
BSF 200
BSR 230 BSF 195
BSR 230 BSF 200
BSR 210 BSF 5
BSR 0 BSF 05
BSR 20
9
58/
Female Diabetic since last 15 years. Cirrhosis of Liver for last 2 years. Family history +ve with burning soles. Pulse= 66/min.
BP= 130/90 mmHg BSF 231
BSR 300 BSF 225
BSR 290 BSF 230
BSR 300 BSF 6
BSR 10 BSF 5
BSR 10
10
45/
Male Diabetic since last 5 years. C/o nocturia, polydepsia and generalized body aches and pains. Pulse= 89/min
BP= 140/90 mm Hg BSF 225
BSR 340 BSF 160
BSR 275 BSF 115
BSR 160 BSF 65
BSR 65 BSF 45
BSR 115
11
36/
Male Diabetic since last 1.5 years. C/o skin infections repeated with generalized body aches and pains. Pulse= 70/min
BP= 120/70 mm Hg BSF 240
BSR 375 BSF 145
BSR 280 BSF 110
BSR 165 BSF 95
BSR 95 BSF 35
BSR 115
12
58/
Female Diabetic since last 12 years. C/o nocturia with weight loss and polyphagia Pulse= 79/min
BP= 130/100 mm Hg BSF 180
BSR 310 BSF 130
BSR 265 BSF 125
BSR 190 BSF 50
BSR 45 BSF 5
BSR 75
13
52/
Male Recently diagnosed diabetic with C/o Polyuria, ploydepsia and generalized body aches & pains Pulse 60/min.
BP= 120/80 mm Hg BSF 140
BSR 285 BSF 115
BSR 245 BSF 100
BSR 175 BSF 25
BSR 40 BSF 15
BSR 70
14
43/
Male Came with complaint of polyuria and nicturia and was diagnosed of having diabetes Pulse78/min.
BP= 110/70 mm Hg BSF 255
BSR 325 BSF 200
BSR 300 BSF 135
BSR 210 BSF 55
BSR 25 BSF 65
BSR 90
15
60/
Male Diabetic since last 7 years. C/o weakess, weight loss & polydepsia with nocturia Pulse= 82/min
BP= 150/100 mm Hg BSF 190
BSR 270 BSF 165
BSR 205 BSF 125
BSR 160 BSF 25
BSR 65 BSF 40
BSR 45
16
68/
Female Diabetic since last 22 years. C/o lethargy, weight loss, blurred vision and angina Pulse= 78/min
BP= 130/70 mm Hg BSF 150
BSR 295 BSF 135
BSR 250 BSF 120
BSR 200 BSF 15
BSR 45 BSF 15
BSR 50
BSF: BLOOD SUGAR FASTING ;
BSR: BLOOD SUGAR RANDOM
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The present study demonstrates that Curry Leaves mother tincture prepared according to Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in ethyl alcohol and water attenuates the elevation of serum glucose concentration in patients suffering from diabetes type II.
By enhancing the insulin release from the beta cells from islets of langarhan in pancreas
Inhibition of glucose absorption from the large intestine or by increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the body at receptor level.
In the present study, sixteen patients were ear marked for treatment. Two of them didn’t showed any decrease in blood sugar concentration while the rest showed a significant decrease in the blood sugar level concentration, which on the average is about 28 - 40%.
Almost all the patients showed significant improvement symptomatically.
REFERENCES
KUMAR P.J., CLERK HL. Diabetes Mellitus and other disorders of Metabolism in Clinical Medicine. Biollere Tindall, London, 1990. pp 830 – 835.
Zimmet P,Type II (Non Insulin dependant) Diabetes: An Epidemiological Overview, Diabetologia 1982, 22, 399 – 411
Kilo C. Current. Status of oral agents in diabetics. Comprehensive Therapy 1982; 8, 26 – 32.
Jekka McVicar. New Book of Herbs. Darling Kindersley Limited, London, 2002. pp 200)
S. K. Bhattacharjee. Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Aavishkar Publishers, India, 2001, pp231)
O. Tucker, P.H.D. and Thomas Sebaggio. The big Book of Herbs. Interweave Press, USA, 2000, pp 380)
Jessica Houdret, A Visual Dictionary of Herbs. Joanna Lorenz. Anness Publishing. USA 2000. pp 98)
Simmons D Williams Dr, Powell MJ, Prevalence of Diabetes in Different Regional sand Religious South Asian Communities in Coventry. Diabet Med. 1992: Jun; 9(5): 428-31
Saturday, September 12, 2009
Evidence Based Pilot Study On Role of Homeopathic Drugs In cases of Kidney Stones , Paper to be presented at 18th International Conference on 4 -5 Oct
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EVIDENCE BASED PILOT STUDY ON THE ROLE OF
HOMOEOPATHIC DRUGS IN CASES OF KIDNEY STONES
BY
Dr. Girish Gupta, B. Sc., G.H.M.S. (Gold Medalist), M.D. (Hom.)
Chief Consultant
GAURANG CLINIC AND CENTRE FOR HOMOEOPATHIC RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
A total of 1015 well followed – up cases of renal calculi comprising of 759 cases of Unilateral Renal Calculi and 256 of Bilateral Renal Calculi (including 6 and 3 cases of Urinary Bladder Calculi respectively) were assessed at GCCHR from December 1996 till December 2008. Ultrasonography and / or X–Ray of KUB region was the main diagnostic criteria. In follow–up, the same was repeated after symptomatic relief or after sufficient time gap. Treatment with Homoeopathic drugs showed positive response by dissolution/ fragmentation/ passage of stone in majority of cases. The period of treatment varied from case to case depending on size, type and location of stone.
INTRODUCTION
Nephrolithiasis or Urolithiasis is the formation of stones in kidney and urinary tract respectively. Kidney stones are developed from crystals that separate from the urine in the urinary tract. Normally, urine contains chemicals that inhibit crystal formation. When these chemicals do not work, crystals are formed. These crystals can grow through a process of accretion to form a kidney stone. [1] Stone formation is also related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone–forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine and phosphate. Kidney stones may contain various combinations of chemicals like oxalate or phosphate of calcium. Struvite stones are formed by infection in the urinary tract. Uric acid and Cystine stones are rare. [2]
OBJECTIVE
1. To critically assess the efficacy of Homoeopathic drugs in patients of Renal and Ureteric calculi.
2. To treat the cases of recurrence after surgery and ESWL.
3. To generate standardized and quality controlled data to facilitate the validation of efficacy of Homoeopathic drugs in cases of renal stones.
TYPES OF STONES
1. Calcium oxalate stones: are the most common type of kidney stone occurring in about 80% of cases [7] and the factors that promote the precipitation of crystals in the urine are associated with the development of these stones. It is a misconception that consumption of too much calcium could promote the development of calcium stones. However, current evidence suggests that the consumption of low-calcium diets is actually associated with a higher overall risk for the development of kidney stones. [23] This is related to the role of calcium in binding ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract. As the amount of calcium intake decreases, the amount of oxalate available for absorption into the bloodstream increases. This oxalate is then excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys. In the urine, oxalate is a very strong promoter of calcium oxalate precipitation, about 15 times stronger than calcium.
2. Uric acid (urate): About 5–10% of all stones are formed from uric acid. [7] Uric acid stones form in association with conditions that cause hyperuricosuria with or without high blood serum uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) or with disorder of acid/base metabolism where the urine is excessively acidic (low pH) resulting in uric acid precipitation. A diagnosis of uric acid nephrolithiasis is supported if there is a radiolucent stone, persistent undue urine acidity, and uric acid crystals in fresh urine samples. [24]
3. Other types: Other types of kidney stones are composed of struvite (magnesium, ammonium and phosphate); calcium phosphate; and cystine.
The formation of struvite stones is associated with the presence of urea-splitting bacteria, most commonly Proteus mirabilis (but also Klebsiella, Serratia, Providencia species). These organisms are capable of splitting urea into ammonia, decreasing the acidity of the urine and resulting in favorable conditions for the formation of struvite stones. Struvite stones are always associated with urinary tract infections.
The formation of calcium phosphate stones is associated with conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis.
Formation of cystine stones is uniquely associated with people suffering from cystinuria, who accumulate cystine in their urine.
Urolithiasis has also been noted to occur in the setting of therapeutic drug use, with crystals of drug forming within the renal tract in some patients currently being treated with Indinavir, Sulfadiazine or Triamterene. [25]
CAUSES
Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume or an excess of stone-forming substances such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine and phosphate in the urine. The most common type of kidney stone contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate. Other chemical compounds that can form stones in the urinary tract include uric acid and the amino acid cystine.
Dehydration due to reduced fluid intake or strenuous exercise without adequate fluid replacement increases the risk of kidney stones. Obstruction to the flow of urine can also lead to stone formation. Kidney stones can also result from infection in the urinary tract; such stones are known as struvite or infection stones. Different conditions that can lead to kidney stones are:
1. Gout: Increased amount of uric acid in urine can lead to the formation of uric acid stones. [7]
2. Hypercalciuria (high urinary calcium): Another inherited condition which causes stones in more than half of cases. In this condition, too much calcium is absorbed from food and excreted into the urine where it may form calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones. [7]
3. Kidney stones are common in patients with Hyperparathyroidism [10] and Crohn's disease. [12]
4. Kidney diseases such as renal tubular acidosis [7], Dent's disease [9] and Medullary Sponge kidney [11]. It is not only dietary calcium that cause stone but leaching of bone calcium as in renal tubular acidosis causes a chronic acidic state and also decrease urinary citrate levels (since citrates are normally present as potent inhibitors of stone formation) making individual prone stone formation.
5. Inherited metabolic conditions including cystinuria and hyperoxaluria.
6. Chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) are also associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones.
7. People with inflammatory bowel disease or who have had an intestinal bypass are also more likely to develop kidney stones.
8. Some medications also raise the risk of kidney stones. These medications include some diuretics, calcium-containing antacids and the protease inhibitor Crixivan (indinavir), a drug used to treat HIV infection [18].
9. Fluoridation of water may increase the risk of kidney stone formation. In one study, patients with symptoms of skeletal fluorosis were 4.6 times as likely to develop kidney stones. [13] However, fluoride may also be an inhibitor of urinary stone formation. [14]
PREVALENCE
In United States, about 10–15% of adults suffer from kidney stone. [4] The incidence rate increases to 20–25% in the Middle East because of increased risk of dehydration in hot climates. (The typical Arabian diet is also 50% lower in calcium and 25% higher in oxalates compared to Western diets, increasing the net risk.) [6] Recurrence rates are estimated at about 10% per year, totaling 50% over a 5–10 year period and 75% over 20 years. [7] Men are affected approximately 4 times more often than women. Whites are more often affected than blacks. The prevalence of kidney stones begin to rise when men reach their 40s and it continues to climb into their 70s. A family history of kidney stones is also a risk factor for the development of kidney stones. One in every 20 people develop a kidney stone at some point in their life. Recent evidence has shown an increase in pediatric cases. [8]
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS [15] [16]
1. Renal Colic: Sudden onset of excruciating, cramping, intermittent, extreme colicky pain in back "loin to groin” which waxes and wanes in severity and is not relieved by change of posture, radiating from the back, down the flank, and into the groin with nausea and vomiting. [17] Obstruction in urinary tract due to calculus with dilatation of ureter and renal pelvis as well as spasm of muscle, trying to move the stone, can cause severe episodic pain (Renal Colic).
2. Haematuria: Blood in the urine due to minor damage to inside wall of kidney, ureter and / or urethra. [3]
3. Pyuria: Pus in the urine. [3]
4. Dysuria: Burning on urination due to infection or passage of stone with bad smelling cloudy urine with fever and chill. [3]
5. Nausea / Vomiting: Embryological link with intestine–stimulates the vomiting centre. [3]
6. Oliguria: Reduced urinary volume caused by obstruction of the bladder or urethra by stone causing hydronephrosis. [18]
7. Postrenal azotemia: When kidney stone blocks ureter. [19]
INVESTIGATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS
Clinical diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the location and severity of the pain which is typically colic in nature (comes and goes in spasmodic waves). Pain in the back occurs when calculi produce an obstruction in the kidney. [3] Imaging techniques (X–Rays [5], IVP/IVU (Intravenous Pyelogram/Intravenous Urogram), Retrograde Pyelogram and Ultrasonography are used to confirm the diagnosis. A number of other tests can be undertaken to help establish both the possible cause and consequences of the stone.
About 10% of stones do not have enough calcium to be seen on standard x-rays (radiolucent stones which are seen on Ultrasonography only). Ultrasonography is also instrumental in detecting hydronephrosis [5] and location of stone.
Other investigations include serum calcium levels, routine, microscopic and culture of urine [5]
TREATMENT IN MODERN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own with ample fluid intake. Pain medications can be prescribed for symptom relief. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the stone, prostate enlargement, anatomical variation of urinary tract and pregnancy. Stones of 4 mms or less has an 90% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. Stones larger than 9-10 mm rarely pass on their own and usually require treatment. [20]
Some medications have been used to increase the passage rates of kidney stones. These include calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and alpha blockers such as tamsulosin. These drugs may be prescribed to some people who have stones that do not rapidly pass through the urinary tract.
For kidney stones which do not pass on their own, surgical intervention is required. To avoid classical surgery, a procedure called Extra – corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is often used. In this procedure, shock waves are used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces that can then pass through the urinary system.
Surgical techniques have also been developed to remove kidney stones. This may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as an ureteroscope passed through the urethra and bladder upto the ureter.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Patients: A total of 1015 well followed – up cases of renal calculi comprising of 759 cases of Unilateral Renal Calculi and 256 of Bilateral Renal Calculi (including 6 and 3 cases of Urinary Bladder Calculi respectively) were assessed at GCCHR from December 1996 till December 2008.
2. Diagnostic Parameter: Ultrasonography and / or X–Ray of KUB region. IVP in a few cases.
3. Assessment Criteria: Side, size, location and number of Renal Calculi.
4. Follow up Ultrasonography or X–Ray: After symptomatic relief or after sufficient time gap.
5. Software: An indigenous software was developed for data analysis.
6. Homoeopathic medicines: The main drugs used are mentioned with individual cases and in tabular form elsewhere.
INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CIRTERIA
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Cases (symptomatic or asymptomatic) with ultrasongraphic / radiographic evidence of calculi in kidney / ureter / urinary bladder.
2. Size of calculi more than 5 mm.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Moderate to severe hydroureteronephrosis.
2. Stag horn calculus.
3. Laboratory findings of uraemia (raised Blood urea and S. creatinine) / impaired kidney functions.
4. Recurrent urinary tract infection.
5. Pyonephrosis.
6. Gross haematuria.
7. Acute retention of urine for more than 24 hours.
8. Hyperparathroidism.
9. Gross developmental defects or structural abnormality of kidney.
10. Diseases of cardiovascular and endocrine system, systemic infections or on other therapies.
A FEW MODEL CASES
CASE – 1: REGN. NO.: P–05491 (AGE: 60 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A sixty year old female was suffering from recurrent severe pain left side of lower abdomen with nausea and vomiting with H/O recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI).
PAST HISTORY:
o Cholecystectomy – 2000
o Urticaria – 2004
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (10/12/2004):
A 13 mm calculus is noted in middle calyx of left kidney with focal caliectasis.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION:
• Dreams : of unsuccessful efforts
unable to shriek in
• Anxiety about : health
family
• Desire for company
Amelioration from consolation
Sympathetic
Conversation aversion to
Offended easily
Mood changeable
Sentimental
Extrovert
Anger easily
Anger violent
Weeping tendency
• Desire for salty things
• Renal Calculi
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES PHOS CALC CARB LYCO
TOTALITY 26 23 23
SYMPTOMS COVERED 13/17 13/17 11/17
Medicine Selected: Calcarea carbonica
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–05491
April 15, 2005:
Calcarea carbonica 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
May 05, 2005:
Pain left side of lower abdomen reduced. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
May 26, 2005:
Pain abdomen much reduced. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
June 27, 2005:
Pain in left lower abdomen recurred. Calcarea carbonica 1000 single dose was repeated followed by Berberis vulgaris Q thrice daily for 3 weeks.
July 19, 2005:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 19/07/2005 revealed normal left kidney with no evidence of any calculus.
CASE – 2: REGN. NO.: I–00138 (AGE: 48 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A forty eight year old female was suffering from recurrent moderate to severe pain right flank with nausea and vomiting.
PAST HISTORY:
o Cholecystectomy – September 2007
o Tubectomy – 12 years back
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (29/09/2008)
A 11 mm calculus is noted in right renal pelvis at pelvi – ureteric junction with hydronephrosis.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Desire for company
Consolation aggravates
Offended easily
Weeping tendency
Fastidious
Anger tendency: Talk: indisposed to
Indisposed to talk
• Desire for salty things
• Thirstlessness
• Perspiration on palm
• Perspiration on sole
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES NAT MUR NUX VOM PULS
TOTALITY 21 18 18
SYMPTOMS COVERED 11/11 8/11 8/11
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Natrum muriaticum
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: I–00138
Nov. 11, 2008:
Natrum muriaticum 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
Nov. 28, 2008:
Right flank pain reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Dec. 15, 2008:
Right flank pain much reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
Jan. 19, 2009:
Pain right flank with nausea and vomiting. Ocimum 30 was prescribed twice daily and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Feb. 04, 2009:
No flank pain. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Feb. 26, 2009:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 16/02/2009 revealed normal right kidney with no evidence of any calculus at pelvi – ureteric junction.
CASE 3: REGN. NO.: P–05859 (AGE: 21 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A twenty year old male was suffering from recurrent pain and heaviness right loin region for the last 1 year.
PAST HISTORY:
o Right renal calculus – 2005
o Cervical lymphadenopathy – 10 years back
(took Allopathic treatment)
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (30/04/2006)
A 9 mm calculus is seen in central sinus of right kidney.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Anxiety about : health
• Desire for company
Amelioration from consolation
Fastidious
Sympathetic
Disposition to contradict
Mood changeable
Sentimental
Extroverted
Remorse
Oversensitive to noise
Quiet disposition
Mildness
Weeping tendency
Memory active
Desire for open air
• Desire for salty things
• Renal Calculi
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES PHOS PULS LYCO
TOTALITY 31 30 26
SYMPTOMS COVERED 16/18 14/18 14/18
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Pulsatilla
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–05859
April 30, 2006:
Pulsatilla 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 4 weeks.
May 22, 2006:
Pain and heaviness right loin region reduced. Patient reported of burning at the conclusion of micturition. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
June 30, 2006:
No pain was reported by the patient. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
July 27, 2006:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 25/07/2006 revealed normal right kidney with no evidence of calculus.
CASE 4: REGN. NO.: A–01866 (AGE: 25 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A twenty five year old male was suffering from recurrent pain both flanks with dysuria and vomiting off and on for the last 2 years.
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (03/08/2008)
Single 5.4 mm calculus in middle calyx of right kidney. 5.9 mm calculus in lower calyx of left kidney and 7.2 mm calculus at left uretero – vesicular junction with hydroureteronephrosis.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Ailment from : suppressed anger
• Fear : before examination
• Anxiety : in crowd
about future
about business
anticipating
• Nervousness
Desire for company
Obstinate
Weeping tendency
Sympathetic
Sentimental
Timidity/Mildness
Yielding disposition
• Desire for salty things
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES LYCO PHOS NAT MUR
TOTALITY 22 22 20
SYMPTOMS COVERED 13/15 10/15 12/15
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Lycopodium
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: A–01866
Aug. 06, 2008:
Lycopodium 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
Aug. 21, 2008:
Flank pain reduced. No dysuria. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Sept. 08, 2008:
No flank pain but dysuria recurred. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily along with Berberis vulgaris Q for 3 weeks.
Sept. 28, 2008:
Mild flank pain off and on. Dysuria much reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 5 week.
Nov. 04, 2008:
No flank pain or dysuria. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
Dec. 08, 2008:
Patient well. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 06/12/2008 revealed normal kidneys with no evidence of any calculus.
CASE 5: REGN. NO.: P–00604 (AGE: 57 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A fifty seven year old male was having asymptomatic multiple left renal calculi for the last 2–3 years with poor, interrupted flow of urine with hesitancy off and on.
PAST HISTORY:
o Passage of calculus – once
o Sinusitis – 20 years back
o Urticaria – in childhood
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (04/04/2008)
Few calculi of 5–8 mms are seen in upper and middle calyx of left kidney with left PUJ narrowing and moderate hydronephrosis
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Ailment : from suppressed anger
• Dreams : of animals
unable to shriek in
business of the day
• Anxiety about : future
family
business
• Aversion to company / Fond of solitude
Irritability
Mood changeable
Thinking of complaints aggravate
Restlessness
Egotism
Dictatorial
Nervousness
Frightened easily
Anger from contradiction
Aversion to work
Sleepiness
• Desire for open air
• Desire for sweet things
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES LYCO NUX–VOM SEPIA
TOTALITY 41 37 35
SYMPTOMS COVERED 20/22 19/22 19/22
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Lycopodium
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–00604
April 13, 2008:
Lycopodium 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
May 19, 2008:
Left flank pain reduced and urinary flow improved. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 8 weeks on different visits.
July 27, 2008:
Flank pain much reduced but urinary trouble increased with dysuria at times. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily along with Berberis vulgaris Q for 4 weeks.
Sept. 02, 2008:
Flank pain recurred with urinary trouble. Lycopodium 1000 single dose and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 8 weeks.
Oct. 31, 2008:
No further reduction in flank pain and urinary trouble. Lycopodium 10M single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q for 8 weeks on different visits.
Jan. 13, 2009:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 28/12/2008 revealed normal left kidney with no evidence of any calculus.
RESULTS
1. Out of 820 stones in different locations of Unilateral renal calculi cases, positive response was obtained in 534 (65.12 %) patients. A total of 455 patients (55.49 %) were cured, 79 patients (9.63 %) improved, 221 patients (26.95 %) maintained status quo and 65 patients (7.93 %) did not improve. (Table – 6)
2. Out of 629 stones in different locations of Bilateral renal calculi cases, positive response was obtained in 366 (58.47 %) patients. A total of 286 patients (45.69 %) were cured, 80 patients (12.78 %) improved, 221 patients (35.30 %) maintained status quo and 39 patients (6.23 %) did not improve. (Table – 6)
3. Best response was obtained in Ureteric stones. Out of 358 Ureteric stones, positive response was obtained in 289 (80.73 %) stones (Table – 12). Better response was obtained in stones of urinary bladder in which out of 9 stones, positive response was obtained in 7 (77.78 %) (Table – 13), followed by 61.40 % in Upper calyx (Table – 8), 57.25 % in Middle calyx (Table – 9), 56.07 % in Pelvic – calyceal system (Table – 7), 54.90 % in Lower calyx (Table – 10). Minimum response 45.53 % was obtained in stones of renal pelvis. (Table – 11)
4. Largest stone cured was of 15 mm in left kidney and 12 mm in right kidney respectively in unilateral calculi cases while 11 mm in left and 26 mm in right was the size of stones in bilateral calculi cases.
5. Five (5) days was the minimum while 746 days was the maximum time taken in cure of a stone.
6. Married patients (67.59 %) outnumbered unmarried ones (32.41 %). However, no definite relation could be established between marital status and occurrence of renal calculi. (Table – 4)
7. Male patients (70.64 %) were more prone than female ones (29.36 %) to develop kidney stones. (Table – 3)
8. Occurrence of renal calculi was maximum between 20 – 35 years of age i.e. 50.15 % while minimum i.e. 11.63 % incidence was seen in patients of 50 years and above. 25.22 % patients were between 36 – 50 years of age while 13.00 % were below 20 years. (Table – 2)
TABLE – 1
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SITE AND SIDE
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Position Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Upper Calyx 43 05.20 % 48 05.81 % 137 21.78 %
2. Middle Calyx 104 12.59 % 91 11.02 % 205 32.59 %
3. Lower Calyx 98 11.86 % 79 09.56 % 160 25.44 %
4. Pelvis 34 04.12 % 51 06.81 % 38 6.04 %
5. Ureter 129 15.62 % 143 17.31 % 86 13.67 %
6. Urinary Bladder 6 00.73 % 3 0.48 %
TABLE – 2
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO AGE
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Age Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Below 20 years 55 14.07 % 43 11.68 % 34 13.28 %
2. Between 20–35 years 185 47.31 % 176 47.83 % 148 57.81 %
3. Between 36–50 years 113 28.90 % 102 27.72 % 41 16.02 %
4. Above 50 years 38 09.72 % 47 12.77 % 33 12.89 %
TABLE – 3
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SEX
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Sex Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Male 269 68.80 % 255 69.29 % 193 75.39 %
2. Female 122 31.20 % 113 30.71 % 63 24.61 %
TABLE – 4
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO MARITAL STATUS
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Marital Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Married 281 71.87 % 265 72.01 % 140 54.69 %
2. Unmarried 110 28.13 % 103 27.99 % 116 45.31 %
TABLE – 5
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SIZE OF STONE
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Size of stone Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Upto 10 mms 333 85.17 % 322 87.50 % 236 92.19 %
2. Between 11–15 mms 41 10.48 % 23 6.25 % 14 5.47 %
3. Between 16–20 mms 14 3.58 % 16 4.35 % 4 1.56 %
4. Above 20 mms 3 0.77 % 7 1.90 % 2 0.78 %
TABLE – 6
OVER ALL STATUS OF STONES (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 1449; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 820; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 629)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 820) (Total stones: 629)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 408) (Total stones: 412)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 269 65.93 % 265 64.32 % 366 58.47 %
1 A. Cured 230 56.37 % 225 54.61 % 286 45.69 %
1 B. Improved 39 09.56 % 40 09.71 % 80 12.78 %
2. Status Quo 114 27.94 % 107 25.97 % 221 35.30 %
3. Not Improved 25 6.13 % 40 09.71 % 39 6.23 %
TABLE – 7
STATUS OF STONES IN PELVI – CALYCEAL SYSTEM (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 1088; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 548; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 540)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 548) (Total stones: 540)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 279) (Total stones: 269)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 161 57.71 % 151 56.13 % 298 55.19 %
1 A. Cured 125 44.80 % 117 43.49 % 225 41.67 %
1 B. Improved 36 12.91 % 34 12.64 % 73 13.52 %
2. Status Quo 95 34.05 % 89 33.09 % 206 38.14 %
3. Not Improved 23 8.24 % 29 10.78 % 36 6.67 %
TABLE – 8
STATUS OF STONES IN UPPER CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 228; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 91; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 137)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 91) (Total stones: 137)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 43) (Total stones: 48)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 30 69.76 % 29 60.42 % 81 59.12 %
1 A. Cured 24 55.81 % 23 47.92 % 65 47.44 %
1 B. Improved 6 13.95 % 6 12.50 % 16 11.68 %
2. Status Quo 12 27.91 % 13 27.08 % 45 32.85 %
3. Not Improved 1 2.33 % 6 12.50 % 11 8.03 %
TABLE – 9
STATUS OF STONES IN MIDDLE CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 400; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 195; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 205)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 195) (Total stones: 205)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 104) (Total stones: 91)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 67 64.42 % 52 57.15 % 110 63.16 %
1 A. Cured 53 50.96 % 47 51.65 % 83 40.49 %
1 B. Improved 14 13.46 % 5 5.50 % 27 13.17 %
2. Status Quo 27 25.96 % 33 36.26 % 86 41.95 %
3. Not Improved 10 9.62 % 6 6.59 % 9 4.39 %
TABLE – 10
STATUS OF STONES IN LOWER CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 337; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 177; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 160)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 177) (Total stones: 160)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 98) (Total stones: 79)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 55 56.12 % 47 59.49 % 83 51.88 %
1 A. Cured 43 43.88 % 38 48.10 % 60 37.50 %
1 B. Improved 12 12.24 % 9 11.39 % 23 14.38 %
2. Status Quo 38 38.78 % 27 34.18 % 66 41.25 %
3. Not Improved 5 5.10 % 5 6.33 % 11 6.87 %
TABLE – 11
STATUS OF STONES IN PELVIS (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 123; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 85; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 38)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 85) (Total stones: 38)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 34) (Total stones: 51)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 9 26.47 % 23 47.10 % 24 63.16 %
1 A. Cured 5 14.71 % 9 17.65 % 17 44.74 %
1 B. Improved 4 11.76 % 14 27.45 % 7 18.42 %
2. Status Quo 18 52.94 % 16 31.37 % 9 23.68 %
3. Not Improved 7 20.59 % 12 23.53 % 5 13.16 %
TABLE – 12
STATUS OF STONES IN URETER (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 358; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 272; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 86)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 272) (Total stones: 86)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 129) (Total stones: 43)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 108 83.72 % 114 79.72 % 67 79.07 %
1 A. Cured 105 81.39 % 108 75.52 % 61 70.93 %
1 B. Improved 3 2.33 % 6 4.20 % 7 8.14 %
2. Status Quo 19 14.73 % 18 12.59 % 15 17.44 %
3. Not Improved 2 1.55 % 11 7.69 % 3 3.49 %
TABLE – 13
STATUS OF STONES IN URINRY BLADDER (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 9; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 6; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 3)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
(Total stones: 9)
UNILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 6) (Total stones: 3)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 5 83.33 % 2 66.67 %
1 A. Cured 5 83.33 % 2 66.67 %
1 B. Improved 0 0.00 % 0 0.00 %
2. Status Quo 1 16.67 % 0 0.00 %
3. Not Improved 0 0.00 % 1 33.33 %
TABLE – 14
MEDICINES USED IN PRESENT STUDY
SN POLYCREST ORGANIC INTERCURRENT TINCTURES
1. Calcarea carbonicum Ocimum Dioscorea Berberis vulgaris
2. Calcarea renalis Sarsaparilla Colocynthes Cantharis
3. Lycopodium clavatum Magnesia carbonica Cantharis Hydrangea
4. Natrum muriaticum Magnesia sulphurica Uva ursi
5. Phosphorus Kali carbonica
6. Pulsatilla
7. Sepia
8. Silicea
9. Sulphur
PREVENTION
Preventive strategies include dietary modifications and sometimes also taking drugs with the goal of reducing excretory load on the kidneys [21] [16]:
• Drinking enough water to make 2 to 2.5 liters of urine per day reduces the risk of kidney stones. (The National Institutes of Health recommend drinking up to 12 full glasses of water a day if a person is already having a kidney stone.) Water helps to flush away the substances that form stones in the kidneys.
• A diet low in protein, nitrogen and sodium intake. Protein from meat and other animal products is broken down into acids, including uric acid. The most available alkaline base to balance the acid from protein is calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) from the bones. The kidney filters the liberated calcium which may then form insoluble crystals (stones) in urine with available oxalate (partly from metabolic processes, partly from diet) or phosphate ions, depending on conditions. High protein intake is therefore associated with decreased bone density as well as stones. The acid load is associated with decreased urinary citrate excretion; citrate competes with oxalate for calcium and can thereby prevent stones. In addition to increased fluid intake, one of the simplest fixes is to moderate animal protein consumption. However, despite epidemiologic data showing that greater protein intake is associated with more stones, randomized controlled trials of protein restriction have not shown reduced stone prevalence.
• Restriction of oxalate-rich foods, such as chocolate, nuts, soybeans [22], rhubarb and spinach, plus maintenance of an adequate intake of dietary calcium. There is equivocal evidence that calcium supplements increase the risk of stone formation, though calcium citrate appears to carry the lowest risk.
• Taking drugs such as thiazides, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate and allopurinol, depending on the cause of stone formation.
• Some fruit juices, such as orange, blackcurrant, and cranberry may be useful for lowering the risk factors for specific types of stones. [23] [24]
• Avoidance of cola beverages. [25] [26]
• Avoiding large doses of vitamin C. [27]
• Avoiding alcohol. It has been claimed that diuretic effects of alcohol can result in dehydration. There are no conclusive data demonstrating any cause and effect regarding kidney stones. However, some feel that frequent drinkers create situations that set up dehydration, hangovers, poor sleep and stress. In this view, it is not the alcohol that create a kidney stone but it is the alcohol drinker's associated behavior that sets it up. [28]
• Alkalinization of the urine with citrates or sodium bicarbonate prevents uric acid stones.
• Though caffeine does acutely increase urinary calcium excretion, several independent epidemiologic studies have shown that coffee intake overall is protective against the formation of stones. [29]
DISCUSSION
Homoeopathic literature is full of medicines which are highly efficacious in dissolution / fragmentation / passage of stone with minimum discomfort. The results are maximized when constitutional homoeopathic medicines are prescribed on totality of symptoms after individualization. Though cases were repertorised and medicines were prescribed on totality, Berberis vulgaris Q was invariably prescribed in all the cases. Cantharis Q was given to patients with recurrent urinary tract infection and cutting, burning pain in renal area with painful urging to urinate. Uva ursi Q was prescribed in patients with profound urinary symptoms like haematuria, frequent urging with spasm of urinary bladder. Sarsaparilla was prescribed in patients reporting severe pain and burning at conclusion of micturition due to crystalluria. Ocimum was given to patient with uric acid diathesis and associated with nausea and vomiting. Intercurrent remedies like Dioscorea and Colocynthes were prescribed to tackle frequent renal colic.
Homoeopathy has been proved to be a boon for patients in whom surgery is risky such as – aged ones, hypertensives and diabetics or those who are in search of an alternative to surgery. The patient can take the treatment along with his routine activities without hospitalization or any inconvenience. Treatment with Homoeopathic drug is simple, cost effective and without any side effects with minimal chances of recurrence as compared to patients having undergone surgery or lithotripsy. In modern system of medicine, it is the “effect” of disease which is treated and not the “cause” whereas Homoeopathy treats the root cause of the disease which minimizes the chance of recurrence. Another advantage of Homeopathic treatment is that it can be taken simultaneously along with the allopathic treatment for any other ailment. Such clinical research studies should be further pursued by other Physicians to open new vistas in converting this surgical problem into medical one through judicious employment of already existing Homoeopathic medicines.
CONCLUSION
1. The result of the present study is highly encouraging and open new vistas for the medical treatment of renal calculi.
2. It is evident from the results that majority of cases of calculi in Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder whether big or small, single or multiple can be cured effectively regardless of their location and composition.
3. By treatment through Homoeopathic system of medicine, post surgical complications can be avoided.
4. Homoeopathic drugs are cost effective and easy to use with no side effects.
5. Recurrence of kidney stones and lithotripsy after surgery is very common because the cause remains untreated. The recurrence rate after homoeopathic treatment is nil or very less as it annihilates the root cause of the malady.
REFERENCES
1. Chiras, Daniel D. (2007). Human Biology. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 0763738433.
2. Collins, C. Edward (2005). A Short Course in Medical Terminology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781747678.
3. Weaver, S. H.; Jenkins, P. et al (2002). "Chapter 14: Renal and Urological Care". Illustrated Manual of Nursing Practice (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 1582550824.
4. Stamatelou, Kiriaki K.; Francis, Mildred E.; Jones, Camille A; Nyberg Jr., Leroy M.; Curhan, Gary C. (2003). "Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994". Kidney International 63: 1817–1823. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00917.x.
5. Pietrow, Paul K.; Karellas, Michael E. (2006). "Medical Management of Common Urinary Calculi". American Family Physician 74 (1): 86–94. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/86.html. Retrieved on 2008-05-20.
6. Potts, Jeannette M. (2004). Essential Urology: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Humana Press. pp. 129. ISBN 158829109X.
7. Moe, Orson W. (2006). "Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management". The Lancet 367 (9507): 333–344. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68071-9.
8. Tarkan, Laurie (2008-10-28). "A Rise in Kidney Stones Is Seen in U.S. Children". New York Times, The. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/28/health/28kidn.html.
9. Lloyd, S. E.; Pearce, S. H. S.; Fisher, S. E.; Steinmeyer, K.; Schwappach, B.; Scheinman, S. J.; Harding, B.; Bolino, A.; Devoto, M.; Goodyer, P.; Rigden, S. P. A.; Wrong, O.; Jentsch, T. J.; Craig, I. W.; Thakker, R. V. (1996). "A common molecular basis for three inherited kidney stone diseases". Nature 379: 445–449. doi:10.1038/379445a0.
10. Hyperparathyroidism. National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service. May 2006.
11. Ginalski, J. M.; Portmann, L.; Jaeger, P. (01 Aug 1991). "Does medullary sponge kidney cause nephrolithiasis?". American Journal of Roentgenology 156 (4): 872–3. PMID 2115256. http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/abstract/155/2/299. Retrieved on 2008-03-12.
12. ccfa.org
13. National Research Council (2002). Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standard. New York: National Academies Press. ISBN 030910128X.
14. Smith, Donald Ridgeway; Tanagho, Emil A.; McAninch, Jack W. (2003). Smith's General Urology. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 0071396489.
15. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/05/080515072740.htm delete
16. Parmar, Malvinder S. (2004). "Kidney stones". British Medical Journal 328 (7453): 1420–1424. doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7453.1420. PMID 15191979.
17. Halabe A, Sperling O (1994). "Uric acid nephrolithiasis". Mineral and electrolyte metabolism 20 (6): 424–31. PMID 7783706.
18. www.utdol.com
19. Mayo Clinic (2008). "Kidney Stone Channel". U.S. News & World Report. http://health.usnews.com/usnews/health/pain/kidneystone/kidneystone.about.htm. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
20. Reilly, Robert F. (2005). Nephrology in 30 Days. UNC Press. pp. 195. ISBN 1882886208.
21. Goldfarb, David S.; Coe, Fredric L. (November 15, 1999). "Prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis". American Family Physician 60 (8): 2269–76. PMID 10593318. http://www.aafp.org/afp/991115ap/2269.html.
22. Hassell, Beverly (2001-08-28). "Too much soy could lead to kidney stones". EurekAlert. http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-08/acs-tms082801.php. Retrieved on 2008-06-28.
23. Kelera,, T.; Jansen, B.; Hesse, A. (2002). "Effect of blackcurrant-, cranberry- and plum juice consumption on risk factors associated with kidney stone formation". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 56 (10): 1020–1023. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601442. http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v56/n10/abs/1601442a.html. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
24. Odvina, Clarita V. (2006). "Comparative Value of Orange Juice versus Lemonade in Reducing Stone-Forming Risk". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1 (6): 1269–74. doi:10.2215/CJN.00800306. PMID 17699358. http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/1/6/1269. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
25. O'Connor, Anahad (January 22, 2008). "The Claim: Too Much Cola Can Cause Kidney Problems". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/22/health/nutrition/22real.html?_r=1&oref=slogin. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
26. Saldana, Tina M.; Basso, Olga; Darden, Rebecca; Sandler, Dale P. (2007). "Carbonated Beverages and Chronic Kidney Disease". Epidemiology 18 (4): 501–506. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3180646338. http://www.epidem.com/pt/re/epidemiology/abstract.00001648-200707000-00017.htm. Retrieved on 2008-05-12.
27. Taylor, Eric N. coauthors=Stampfer, Meir J.; Curhan, Gary C. (2004). "Dietary Factors and the Risk of Incident Kidney Stones in Men: New Insights after 14 Years of Follow-up". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15 (6): 3225–3232. doi:10.1097/01.ASN.0000146012.44570.20. PMID 15579526.
28. Rodman, John S.; Seidman, Cynthia (1996). No More Kidney Stones. Wiley. ISBN 0471125873.
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30. Thomas B., Geeta R. (2006, December). “Nephrolithiasis”. Continued Medical Information of SBL - Renal Disorders and Homoeopathic Management 1 (2): 9 – 28.
31. Gupta G. (1997, February). “A Clinical study on cases of Kidney and Ureteric stones in response to homoeopathic drugs monitored by modern diagnostic parameters”. Souvenir – 9th AHML International Homoeopathic Conference – 1997: 22.
EVIDENCE BASED PILOT STUDY ON THE ROLE OF
HOMOEOPATHIC DRUGS IN CASES OF KIDNEY STONES
BY
Dr. Girish Gupta, B. Sc., G.H.M.S. (Gold Medalist), M.D. (Hom.)
Chief Consultant
GAURANG CLINIC AND CENTRE FOR HOMOEOPATHIC RESEARCH
ABSTRACT
A total of 1015 well followed – up cases of renal calculi comprising of 759 cases of Unilateral Renal Calculi and 256 of Bilateral Renal Calculi (including 6 and 3 cases of Urinary Bladder Calculi respectively) were assessed at GCCHR from December 1996 till December 2008. Ultrasonography and / or X–Ray of KUB region was the main diagnostic criteria. In follow–up, the same was repeated after symptomatic relief or after sufficient time gap. Treatment with Homoeopathic drugs showed positive response by dissolution/ fragmentation/ passage of stone in majority of cases. The period of treatment varied from case to case depending on size, type and location of stone.
INTRODUCTION
Nephrolithiasis or Urolithiasis is the formation of stones in kidney and urinary tract respectively. Kidney stones are developed from crystals that separate from the urine in the urinary tract. Normally, urine contains chemicals that inhibit crystal formation. When these chemicals do not work, crystals are formed. These crystals can grow through a process of accretion to form a kidney stone. [1] Stone formation is also related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone–forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine and phosphate. Kidney stones may contain various combinations of chemicals like oxalate or phosphate of calcium. Struvite stones are formed by infection in the urinary tract. Uric acid and Cystine stones are rare. [2]
OBJECTIVE
1. To critically assess the efficacy of Homoeopathic drugs in patients of Renal and Ureteric calculi.
2. To treat the cases of recurrence after surgery and ESWL.
3. To generate standardized and quality controlled data to facilitate the validation of efficacy of Homoeopathic drugs in cases of renal stones.
TYPES OF STONES
1. Calcium oxalate stones: are the most common type of kidney stone occurring in about 80% of cases [7] and the factors that promote the precipitation of crystals in the urine are associated with the development of these stones. It is a misconception that consumption of too much calcium could promote the development of calcium stones. However, current evidence suggests that the consumption of low-calcium diets is actually associated with a higher overall risk for the development of kidney stones. [23] This is related to the role of calcium in binding ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract. As the amount of calcium intake decreases, the amount of oxalate available for absorption into the bloodstream increases. This oxalate is then excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys. In the urine, oxalate is a very strong promoter of calcium oxalate precipitation, about 15 times stronger than calcium.
2. Uric acid (urate): About 5–10% of all stones are formed from uric acid. [7] Uric acid stones form in association with conditions that cause hyperuricosuria with or without high blood serum uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) or with disorder of acid/base metabolism where the urine is excessively acidic (low pH) resulting in uric acid precipitation. A diagnosis of uric acid nephrolithiasis is supported if there is a radiolucent stone, persistent undue urine acidity, and uric acid crystals in fresh urine samples. [24]
3. Other types: Other types of kidney stones are composed of struvite (magnesium, ammonium and phosphate); calcium phosphate; and cystine.
The formation of struvite stones is associated with the presence of urea-splitting bacteria, most commonly Proteus mirabilis (but also Klebsiella, Serratia, Providencia species). These organisms are capable of splitting urea into ammonia, decreasing the acidity of the urine and resulting in favorable conditions for the formation of struvite stones. Struvite stones are always associated with urinary tract infections.
The formation of calcium phosphate stones is associated with conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis.
Formation of cystine stones is uniquely associated with people suffering from cystinuria, who accumulate cystine in their urine.
Urolithiasis has also been noted to occur in the setting of therapeutic drug use, with crystals of drug forming within the renal tract in some patients currently being treated with Indinavir, Sulfadiazine or Triamterene. [25]
CAUSES
Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume or an excess of stone-forming substances such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine and phosphate in the urine. The most common type of kidney stone contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate. Other chemical compounds that can form stones in the urinary tract include uric acid and the amino acid cystine.
Dehydration due to reduced fluid intake or strenuous exercise without adequate fluid replacement increases the risk of kidney stones. Obstruction to the flow of urine can also lead to stone formation. Kidney stones can also result from infection in the urinary tract; such stones are known as struvite or infection stones. Different conditions that can lead to kidney stones are:
1. Gout: Increased amount of uric acid in urine can lead to the formation of uric acid stones. [7]
2. Hypercalciuria (high urinary calcium): Another inherited condition which causes stones in more than half of cases. In this condition, too much calcium is absorbed from food and excreted into the urine where it may form calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones. [7]
3. Kidney stones are common in patients with Hyperparathyroidism [10] and Crohn's disease. [12]
4. Kidney diseases such as renal tubular acidosis [7], Dent's disease [9] and Medullary Sponge kidney [11]. It is not only dietary calcium that cause stone but leaching of bone calcium as in renal tubular acidosis causes a chronic acidic state and also decrease urinary citrate levels (since citrates are normally present as potent inhibitors of stone formation) making individual prone stone formation.
5. Inherited metabolic conditions including cystinuria and hyperoxaluria.
6. Chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) are also associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones.
7. People with inflammatory bowel disease or who have had an intestinal bypass are also more likely to develop kidney stones.
8. Some medications also raise the risk of kidney stones. These medications include some diuretics, calcium-containing antacids and the protease inhibitor Crixivan (indinavir), a drug used to treat HIV infection [18].
9. Fluoridation of water may increase the risk of kidney stone formation. In one study, patients with symptoms of skeletal fluorosis were 4.6 times as likely to develop kidney stones. [13] However, fluoride may also be an inhibitor of urinary stone formation. [14]
PREVALENCE
In United States, about 10–15% of adults suffer from kidney stone. [4] The incidence rate increases to 20–25% in the Middle East because of increased risk of dehydration in hot climates. (The typical Arabian diet is also 50% lower in calcium and 25% higher in oxalates compared to Western diets, increasing the net risk.) [6] Recurrence rates are estimated at about 10% per year, totaling 50% over a 5–10 year period and 75% over 20 years. [7] Men are affected approximately 4 times more often than women. Whites are more often affected than blacks. The prevalence of kidney stones begin to rise when men reach their 40s and it continues to climb into their 70s. A family history of kidney stones is also a risk factor for the development of kidney stones. One in every 20 people develop a kidney stone at some point in their life. Recent evidence has shown an increase in pediatric cases. [8]
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS [15] [16]
1. Renal Colic: Sudden onset of excruciating, cramping, intermittent, extreme colicky pain in back "loin to groin” which waxes and wanes in severity and is not relieved by change of posture, radiating from the back, down the flank, and into the groin with nausea and vomiting. [17] Obstruction in urinary tract due to calculus with dilatation of ureter and renal pelvis as well as spasm of muscle, trying to move the stone, can cause severe episodic pain (Renal Colic).
2. Haematuria: Blood in the urine due to minor damage to inside wall of kidney, ureter and / or urethra. [3]
3. Pyuria: Pus in the urine. [3]
4. Dysuria: Burning on urination due to infection or passage of stone with bad smelling cloudy urine with fever and chill. [3]
5. Nausea / Vomiting: Embryological link with intestine–stimulates the vomiting centre. [3]
6. Oliguria: Reduced urinary volume caused by obstruction of the bladder or urethra by stone causing hydronephrosis. [18]
7. Postrenal azotemia: When kidney stone blocks ureter. [19]
INVESTIGATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS
Clinical diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the location and severity of the pain which is typically colic in nature (comes and goes in spasmodic waves). Pain in the back occurs when calculi produce an obstruction in the kidney. [3] Imaging techniques (X–Rays [5], IVP/IVU (Intravenous Pyelogram/Intravenous Urogram), Retrograde Pyelogram and Ultrasonography are used to confirm the diagnosis. A number of other tests can be undertaken to help establish both the possible cause and consequences of the stone.
About 10% of stones do not have enough calcium to be seen on standard x-rays (radiolucent stones which are seen on Ultrasonography only). Ultrasonography is also instrumental in detecting hydronephrosis [5] and location of stone.
Other investigations include serum calcium levels, routine, microscopic and culture of urine [5]
TREATMENT IN MODERN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own with ample fluid intake. Pain medications can be prescribed for symptom relief. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the stone, prostate enlargement, anatomical variation of urinary tract and pregnancy. Stones of 4 mms or less has an 90% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. Stones larger than 9-10 mm rarely pass on their own and usually require treatment. [20]
Some medications have been used to increase the passage rates of kidney stones. These include calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and alpha blockers such as tamsulosin. These drugs may be prescribed to some people who have stones that do not rapidly pass through the urinary tract.
For kidney stones which do not pass on their own, surgical intervention is required. To avoid classical surgery, a procedure called Extra – corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is often used. In this procedure, shock waves are used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces that can then pass through the urinary system.
Surgical techniques have also been developed to remove kidney stones. This may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as an ureteroscope passed through the urethra and bladder upto the ureter.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Patients: A total of 1015 well followed – up cases of renal calculi comprising of 759 cases of Unilateral Renal Calculi and 256 of Bilateral Renal Calculi (including 6 and 3 cases of Urinary Bladder Calculi respectively) were assessed at GCCHR from December 1996 till December 2008.
2. Diagnostic Parameter: Ultrasonography and / or X–Ray of KUB region. IVP in a few cases.
3. Assessment Criteria: Side, size, location and number of Renal Calculi.
4. Follow up Ultrasonography or X–Ray: After symptomatic relief or after sufficient time gap.
5. Software: An indigenous software was developed for data analysis.
6. Homoeopathic medicines: The main drugs used are mentioned with individual cases and in tabular form elsewhere.
INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CIRTERIA
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Cases (symptomatic or asymptomatic) with ultrasongraphic / radiographic evidence of calculi in kidney / ureter / urinary bladder.
2. Size of calculi more than 5 mm.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Moderate to severe hydroureteronephrosis.
2. Stag horn calculus.
3. Laboratory findings of uraemia (raised Blood urea and S. creatinine) / impaired kidney functions.
4. Recurrent urinary tract infection.
5. Pyonephrosis.
6. Gross haematuria.
7. Acute retention of urine for more than 24 hours.
8. Hyperparathroidism.
9. Gross developmental defects or structural abnormality of kidney.
10. Diseases of cardiovascular and endocrine system, systemic infections or on other therapies.
A FEW MODEL CASES
CASE – 1: REGN. NO.: P–05491 (AGE: 60 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A sixty year old female was suffering from recurrent severe pain left side of lower abdomen with nausea and vomiting with H/O recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI).
PAST HISTORY:
o Cholecystectomy – 2000
o Urticaria – 2004
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (10/12/2004):
A 13 mm calculus is noted in middle calyx of left kidney with focal caliectasis.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION:
• Dreams : of unsuccessful efforts
unable to shriek in
• Anxiety about : health
family
• Desire for company
Amelioration from consolation
Sympathetic
Conversation aversion to
Offended easily
Mood changeable
Sentimental
Extrovert
Anger easily
Anger violent
Weeping tendency
• Desire for salty things
• Renal Calculi
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES PHOS CALC CARB LYCO
TOTALITY 26 23 23
SYMPTOMS COVERED 13/17 13/17 11/17
Medicine Selected: Calcarea carbonica
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–05491
April 15, 2005:
Calcarea carbonica 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
May 05, 2005:
Pain left side of lower abdomen reduced. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
May 26, 2005:
Pain abdomen much reduced. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
June 27, 2005:
Pain in left lower abdomen recurred. Calcarea carbonica 1000 single dose was repeated followed by Berberis vulgaris Q thrice daily for 3 weeks.
July 19, 2005:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 19/07/2005 revealed normal left kidney with no evidence of any calculus.
CASE – 2: REGN. NO.: I–00138 (AGE: 48 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A forty eight year old female was suffering from recurrent moderate to severe pain right flank with nausea and vomiting.
PAST HISTORY:
o Cholecystectomy – September 2007
o Tubectomy – 12 years back
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (29/09/2008)
A 11 mm calculus is noted in right renal pelvis at pelvi – ureteric junction with hydronephrosis.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Desire for company
Consolation aggravates
Offended easily
Weeping tendency
Fastidious
Anger tendency: Talk: indisposed to
Indisposed to talk
• Desire for salty things
• Thirstlessness
• Perspiration on palm
• Perspiration on sole
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES NAT MUR NUX VOM PULS
TOTALITY 21 18 18
SYMPTOMS COVERED 11/11 8/11 8/11
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Natrum muriaticum
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: I–00138
Nov. 11, 2008:
Natrum muriaticum 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
Nov. 28, 2008:
Right flank pain reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Dec. 15, 2008:
Right flank pain much reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
Jan. 19, 2009:
Pain right flank with nausea and vomiting. Ocimum 30 was prescribed twice daily and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Feb. 04, 2009:
No flank pain. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Feb. 26, 2009:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 16/02/2009 revealed normal right kidney with no evidence of any calculus at pelvi – ureteric junction.
CASE 3: REGN. NO.: P–05859 (AGE: 21 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A twenty year old male was suffering from recurrent pain and heaviness right loin region for the last 1 year.
PAST HISTORY:
o Right renal calculus – 2005
o Cervical lymphadenopathy – 10 years back
(took Allopathic treatment)
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (30/04/2006)
A 9 mm calculus is seen in central sinus of right kidney.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Anxiety about : health
• Desire for company
Amelioration from consolation
Fastidious
Sympathetic
Disposition to contradict
Mood changeable
Sentimental
Extroverted
Remorse
Oversensitive to noise
Quiet disposition
Mildness
Weeping tendency
Memory active
Desire for open air
• Desire for salty things
• Renal Calculi
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES PHOS PULS LYCO
TOTALITY 31 30 26
SYMPTOMS COVERED 16/18 14/18 14/18
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Pulsatilla
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–05859
April 30, 2006:
Pulsatilla 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 4 weeks.
May 22, 2006:
Pain and heaviness right loin region reduced. Patient reported of burning at the conclusion of micturition. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
June 30, 2006:
No pain was reported by the patient. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
July 27, 2006:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 25/07/2006 revealed normal right kidney with no evidence of calculus.
CASE 4: REGN. NO.: A–01866 (AGE: 25 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A twenty five year old male was suffering from recurrent pain both flanks with dysuria and vomiting off and on for the last 2 years.
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (03/08/2008)
Single 5.4 mm calculus in middle calyx of right kidney. 5.9 mm calculus in lower calyx of left kidney and 7.2 mm calculus at left uretero – vesicular junction with hydroureteronephrosis.
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Ailment from : suppressed anger
• Fear : before examination
• Anxiety : in crowd
about future
about business
anticipating
• Nervousness
Desire for company
Obstinate
Weeping tendency
Sympathetic
Sentimental
Timidity/Mildness
Yielding disposition
• Desire for salty things
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES LYCO PHOS NAT MUR
TOTALITY 22 22 20
SYMPTOMS COVERED 13/15 10/15 12/15
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Lycopodium
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: A–01866
Aug. 06, 2008:
Lycopodium 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
Aug. 21, 2008:
Flank pain reduced. No dysuria. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.
Sept. 08, 2008:
No flank pain but dysuria recurred. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily along with Berberis vulgaris Q for 3 weeks.
Sept. 28, 2008:
Mild flank pain off and on. Dysuria much reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 5 week.
Nov. 04, 2008:
No flank pain or dysuria. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.
Dec. 08, 2008:
Patient well. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 06/12/2008 revealed normal kidneys with no evidence of any calculus.
CASE 5: REGN. NO.: P–00604 (AGE: 57 YEARS)
PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:
A fifty seven year old male was having asymptomatic multiple left renal calculi for the last 2–3 years with poor, interrupted flow of urine with hesitancy off and on.
PAST HISTORY:
o Passage of calculus – once
o Sinusitis – 20 years back
o Urticaria – in childhood
INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (04/04/2008)
Few calculi of 5–8 mms are seen in upper and middle calyx of left kidney with left PUJ narrowing and moderate hydronephrosis
RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION
• Ailment : from suppressed anger
• Dreams : of animals
unable to shriek in
business of the day
• Anxiety about : future
family
business
• Aversion to company / Fond of solitude
Irritability
Mood changeable
Thinking of complaints aggravate
Restlessness
Egotism
Dictatorial
Nervousness
Frightened easily
Anger from contradiction
Aversion to work
Sleepiness
• Desire for open air
• Desire for sweet things
RESULT OF REPERTORISATION
REMEDIES LYCO NUX–VOM SEPIA
TOTALITY 41 37 35
SYMPTOMS COVERED 20/22 19/22 19/22
Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient
Medicine Selected: Lycopodium
DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–00604
April 13, 2008:
Lycopodium 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.
May 19, 2008:
Left flank pain reduced and urinary flow improved. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 8 weeks on different visits.
July 27, 2008:
Flank pain much reduced but urinary trouble increased with dysuria at times. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily along with Berberis vulgaris Q for 4 weeks.
Sept. 02, 2008:
Flank pain recurred with urinary trouble. Lycopodium 1000 single dose and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 8 weeks.
Oct. 31, 2008:
No further reduction in flank pain and urinary trouble. Lycopodium 10M single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q for 8 weeks on different visits.
Jan. 13, 2009:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 28/12/2008 revealed normal left kidney with no evidence of any calculus.
RESULTS
1. Out of 820 stones in different locations of Unilateral renal calculi cases, positive response was obtained in 534 (65.12 %) patients. A total of 455 patients (55.49 %) were cured, 79 patients (9.63 %) improved, 221 patients (26.95 %) maintained status quo and 65 patients (7.93 %) did not improve. (Table – 6)
2. Out of 629 stones in different locations of Bilateral renal calculi cases, positive response was obtained in 366 (58.47 %) patients. A total of 286 patients (45.69 %) were cured, 80 patients (12.78 %) improved, 221 patients (35.30 %) maintained status quo and 39 patients (6.23 %) did not improve. (Table – 6)
3. Best response was obtained in Ureteric stones. Out of 358 Ureteric stones, positive response was obtained in 289 (80.73 %) stones (Table – 12). Better response was obtained in stones of urinary bladder in which out of 9 stones, positive response was obtained in 7 (77.78 %) (Table – 13), followed by 61.40 % in Upper calyx (Table – 8), 57.25 % in Middle calyx (Table – 9), 56.07 % in Pelvic – calyceal system (Table – 7), 54.90 % in Lower calyx (Table – 10). Minimum response 45.53 % was obtained in stones of renal pelvis. (Table – 11)
4. Largest stone cured was of 15 mm in left kidney and 12 mm in right kidney respectively in unilateral calculi cases while 11 mm in left and 26 mm in right was the size of stones in bilateral calculi cases.
5. Five (5) days was the minimum while 746 days was the maximum time taken in cure of a stone.
6. Married patients (67.59 %) outnumbered unmarried ones (32.41 %). However, no definite relation could be established between marital status and occurrence of renal calculi. (Table – 4)
7. Male patients (70.64 %) were more prone than female ones (29.36 %) to develop kidney stones. (Table – 3)
8. Occurrence of renal calculi was maximum between 20 – 35 years of age i.e. 50.15 % while minimum i.e. 11.63 % incidence was seen in patients of 50 years and above. 25.22 % patients were between 36 – 50 years of age while 13.00 % were below 20 years. (Table – 2)
TABLE – 1
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SITE AND SIDE
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Position Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Upper Calyx 43 05.20 % 48 05.81 % 137 21.78 %
2. Middle Calyx 104 12.59 % 91 11.02 % 205 32.59 %
3. Lower Calyx 98 11.86 % 79 09.56 % 160 25.44 %
4. Pelvis 34 04.12 % 51 06.81 % 38 6.04 %
5. Ureter 129 15.62 % 143 17.31 % 86 13.67 %
6. Urinary Bladder 6 00.73 % 3 0.48 %
TABLE – 2
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO AGE
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Age Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Below 20 years 55 14.07 % 43 11.68 % 34 13.28 %
2. Between 20–35 years 185 47.31 % 176 47.83 % 148 57.81 %
3. Between 36–50 years 113 28.90 % 102 27.72 % 41 16.02 %
4. Above 50 years 38 09.72 % 47 12.77 % 33 12.89 %
TABLE – 3
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SEX
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Sex Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Male 269 68.80 % 255 69.29 % 193 75.39 %
2. Female 122 31.20 % 113 30.71 % 63 24.61 %
TABLE – 4
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO MARITAL STATUS
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Marital Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Married 281 71.87 % 265 72.01 % 140 54.69 %
2. Unmarried 110 28.13 % 103 27.99 % 116 45.31 %
TABLE – 5
DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SIZE OF STONE
{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Size of stone Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Upto 10 mms 333 85.17 % 322 87.50 % 236 92.19 %
2. Between 11–15 mms 41 10.48 % 23 6.25 % 14 5.47 %
3. Between 16–20 mms 14 3.58 % 16 4.35 % 4 1.56 %
4. Above 20 mms 3 0.77 % 7 1.90 % 2 0.78 %
TABLE – 6
OVER ALL STATUS OF STONES (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 1449; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 820; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 629)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 820) (Total stones: 629)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 408) (Total stones: 412)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 269 65.93 % 265 64.32 % 366 58.47 %
1 A. Cured 230 56.37 % 225 54.61 % 286 45.69 %
1 B. Improved 39 09.56 % 40 09.71 % 80 12.78 %
2. Status Quo 114 27.94 % 107 25.97 % 221 35.30 %
3. Not Improved 25 6.13 % 40 09.71 % 39 6.23 %
TABLE – 7
STATUS OF STONES IN PELVI – CALYCEAL SYSTEM (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 1088; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 548; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 540)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 548) (Total stones: 540)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 279) (Total stones: 269)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 161 57.71 % 151 56.13 % 298 55.19 %
1 A. Cured 125 44.80 % 117 43.49 % 225 41.67 %
1 B. Improved 36 12.91 % 34 12.64 % 73 13.52 %
2. Status Quo 95 34.05 % 89 33.09 % 206 38.14 %
3. Not Improved 23 8.24 % 29 10.78 % 36 6.67 %
TABLE – 8
STATUS OF STONES IN UPPER CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 228; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 91; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 137)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 91) (Total stones: 137)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 43) (Total stones: 48)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 30 69.76 % 29 60.42 % 81 59.12 %
1 A. Cured 24 55.81 % 23 47.92 % 65 47.44 %
1 B. Improved 6 13.95 % 6 12.50 % 16 11.68 %
2. Status Quo 12 27.91 % 13 27.08 % 45 32.85 %
3. Not Improved 1 2.33 % 6 12.50 % 11 8.03 %
TABLE – 9
STATUS OF STONES IN MIDDLE CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 400; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 195; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 205)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 195) (Total stones: 205)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 104) (Total stones: 91)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 67 64.42 % 52 57.15 % 110 63.16 %
1 A. Cured 53 50.96 % 47 51.65 % 83 40.49 %
1 B. Improved 14 13.46 % 5 5.50 % 27 13.17 %
2. Status Quo 27 25.96 % 33 36.26 % 86 41.95 %
3. Not Improved 10 9.62 % 6 6.59 % 9 4.39 %
TABLE – 10
STATUS OF STONES IN LOWER CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 337; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 177; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 160)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 177) (Total stones: 160)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 98) (Total stones: 79)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 55 56.12 % 47 59.49 % 83 51.88 %
1 A. Cured 43 43.88 % 38 48.10 % 60 37.50 %
1 B. Improved 12 12.24 % 9 11.39 % 23 14.38 %
2. Status Quo 38 38.78 % 27 34.18 % 66 41.25 %
3. Not Improved 5 5.10 % 5 6.33 % 11 6.87 %
TABLE – 11
STATUS OF STONES IN PELVIS (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 123; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 85; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 38)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 85) (Total stones: 38)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 34) (Total stones: 51)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 9 26.47 % 23 47.10 % 24 63.16 %
1 A. Cured 5 14.71 % 9 17.65 % 17 44.74 %
1 B. Improved 4 11.76 % 14 27.45 % 7 18.42 %
2. Status Quo 18 52.94 % 16 31.37 % 9 23.68 %
3. Not Improved 7 20.59 % 12 23.53 % 5 13.16 %
TABLE – 12
STATUS OF STONES IN URETER (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 358; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 272; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 86)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 272) (Total stones: 86)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 129) (Total stones: 43)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 108 83.72 % 114 79.72 % 67 79.07 %
1 A. Cured 105 81.39 % 108 75.52 % 61 70.93 %
1 B. Improved 3 2.33 % 6 4.20 % 7 8.14 %
2. Status Quo 19 14.73 % 18 12.59 % 15 17.44 %
3. Not Improved 2 1.55 % 11 7.69 % 3 3.49 %
TABLE – 13
STATUS OF STONES IN URINRY BLADDER (AFTER TREATMENT)
{Total Stones: 9; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 6; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 3)
(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
(Total stones: 9)
UNILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 6) (Total stones: 3)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage
1. Positive Response 5 83.33 % 2 66.67 %
1 A. Cured 5 83.33 % 2 66.67 %
1 B. Improved 0 0.00 % 0 0.00 %
2. Status Quo 1 16.67 % 0 0.00 %
3. Not Improved 0 0.00 % 1 33.33 %
TABLE – 14
MEDICINES USED IN PRESENT STUDY
SN POLYCREST ORGANIC INTERCURRENT TINCTURES
1. Calcarea carbonicum Ocimum Dioscorea Berberis vulgaris
2. Calcarea renalis Sarsaparilla Colocynthes Cantharis
3. Lycopodium clavatum Magnesia carbonica Cantharis Hydrangea
4. Natrum muriaticum Magnesia sulphurica Uva ursi
5. Phosphorus Kali carbonica
6. Pulsatilla
7. Sepia
8. Silicea
9. Sulphur
PREVENTION
Preventive strategies include dietary modifications and sometimes also taking drugs with the goal of reducing excretory load on the kidneys [21] [16]:
• Drinking enough water to make 2 to 2.5 liters of urine per day reduces the risk of kidney stones. (The National Institutes of Health recommend drinking up to 12 full glasses of water a day if a person is already having a kidney stone.) Water helps to flush away the substances that form stones in the kidneys.
• A diet low in protein, nitrogen and sodium intake. Protein from meat and other animal products is broken down into acids, including uric acid. The most available alkaline base to balance the acid from protein is calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) from the bones. The kidney filters the liberated calcium which may then form insoluble crystals (stones) in urine with available oxalate (partly from metabolic processes, partly from diet) or phosphate ions, depending on conditions. High protein intake is therefore associated with decreased bone density as well as stones. The acid load is associated with decreased urinary citrate excretion; citrate competes with oxalate for calcium and can thereby prevent stones. In addition to increased fluid intake, one of the simplest fixes is to moderate animal protein consumption. However, despite epidemiologic data showing that greater protein intake is associated with more stones, randomized controlled trials of protein restriction have not shown reduced stone prevalence.
• Restriction of oxalate-rich foods, such as chocolate, nuts, soybeans [22], rhubarb and spinach, plus maintenance of an adequate intake of dietary calcium. There is equivocal evidence that calcium supplements increase the risk of stone formation, though calcium citrate appears to carry the lowest risk.
• Taking drugs such as thiazides, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate and allopurinol, depending on the cause of stone formation.
• Some fruit juices, such as orange, blackcurrant, and cranberry may be useful for lowering the risk factors for specific types of stones. [23] [24]
• Avoidance of cola beverages. [25] [26]
• Avoiding large doses of vitamin C. [27]
• Avoiding alcohol. It has been claimed that diuretic effects of alcohol can result in dehydration. There are no conclusive data demonstrating any cause and effect regarding kidney stones. However, some feel that frequent drinkers create situations that set up dehydration, hangovers, poor sleep and stress. In this view, it is not the alcohol that create a kidney stone but it is the alcohol drinker's associated behavior that sets it up. [28]
• Alkalinization of the urine with citrates or sodium bicarbonate prevents uric acid stones.
• Though caffeine does acutely increase urinary calcium excretion, several independent epidemiologic studies have shown that coffee intake overall is protective against the formation of stones. [29]
DISCUSSION
Homoeopathic literature is full of medicines which are highly efficacious in dissolution / fragmentation / passage of stone with minimum discomfort. The results are maximized when constitutional homoeopathic medicines are prescribed on totality of symptoms after individualization. Though cases were repertorised and medicines were prescribed on totality, Berberis vulgaris Q was invariably prescribed in all the cases. Cantharis Q was given to patients with recurrent urinary tract infection and cutting, burning pain in renal area with painful urging to urinate. Uva ursi Q was prescribed in patients with profound urinary symptoms like haematuria, frequent urging with spasm of urinary bladder. Sarsaparilla was prescribed in patients reporting severe pain and burning at conclusion of micturition due to crystalluria. Ocimum was given to patient with uric acid diathesis and associated with nausea and vomiting. Intercurrent remedies like Dioscorea and Colocynthes were prescribed to tackle frequent renal colic.
Homoeopathy has been proved to be a boon for patients in whom surgery is risky such as – aged ones, hypertensives and diabetics or those who are in search of an alternative to surgery. The patient can take the treatment along with his routine activities without hospitalization or any inconvenience. Treatment with Homoeopathic drug is simple, cost effective and without any side effects with minimal chances of recurrence as compared to patients having undergone surgery or lithotripsy. In modern system of medicine, it is the “effect” of disease which is treated and not the “cause” whereas Homoeopathy treats the root cause of the disease which minimizes the chance of recurrence. Another advantage of Homeopathic treatment is that it can be taken simultaneously along with the allopathic treatment for any other ailment. Such clinical research studies should be further pursued by other Physicians to open new vistas in converting this surgical problem into medical one through judicious employment of already existing Homoeopathic medicines.
CONCLUSION
1. The result of the present study is highly encouraging and open new vistas for the medical treatment of renal calculi.
2. It is evident from the results that majority of cases of calculi in Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder whether big or small, single or multiple can be cured effectively regardless of their location and composition.
3. By treatment through Homoeopathic system of medicine, post surgical complications can be avoided.
4. Homoeopathic drugs are cost effective and easy to use with no side effects.
5. Recurrence of kidney stones and lithotripsy after surgery is very common because the cause remains untreated. The recurrence rate after homoeopathic treatment is nil or very less as it annihilates the root cause of the malady.
REFERENCES
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10. Hyperparathyroidism. National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service. May 2006.
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Homeopathy Gaining Its Position in Malaysia
Dear Prof Dr.Nik Omar
I am Dr.Stanley Stevenson Madiki M.D. from Andhrapradesh India. I have heard about this 18 th AHML International Conference on Homeopathy / TCM, to be held in Malaysia 2009. I am glad to see that Homoeopathy is regaining its position as an Important system of Medicine and its nice to hear about committed Doctors like you and your team playing a significant role in the same. I congratulate you and your team for the same.
I am interested in participating in this Conference and would like to know the completed details of the same in regards to dates, timings, speakers, topics, stay, travel and food expenses and so on. I am also interested in being a member of Asian Homoeopathic Medical League. So please do forward all the necessary information for the same. I have done MD in Organon of Medicine and am having 10 years of experience and I am the Chairman & Managing Director of DSPHCPL a Pvt. Ltd. Company under which we run World Class Homoeopathic Chain of Multi speciality Clinics, apart from that I work as an Nodal Officer & Asst. Surgeon(Homoeopathy) at GGH-Yanam under the Central Govt. of India. . Please also let me know if you are still asking Speakers for presentations on the same and if so any specified topic? I would be happy to hear from. Thanks and Best wishes.
Regards
Dr.Stanley Stevenson Madiki M.D.
Chairman & Managing Director - DSPHCPL.
I am Dr.Stanley Stevenson Madiki M.D. from Andhrapradesh India. I have heard about this 18 th AHML International Conference on Homeopathy / TCM, to be held in Malaysia 2009. I am glad to see that Homoeopathy is regaining its position as an Important system of Medicine and its nice to hear about committed Doctors like you and your team playing a significant role in the same. I congratulate you and your team for the same.
I am interested in participating in this Conference and would like to know the completed details of the same in regards to dates, timings, speakers, topics, stay, travel and food expenses and so on. I am also interested in being a member of Asian Homoeopathic Medical League. So please do forward all the necessary information for the same. I have done MD in Organon of Medicine and am having 10 years of experience and I am the Chairman & Managing Director of DSPHCPL a Pvt. Ltd. Company under which we run World Class Homoeopathic Chain of Multi speciality Clinics, apart from that I work as an Nodal Officer & Asst. Surgeon(Homoeopathy) at GGH-Yanam under the Central Govt. of India. . Please also let me know if you are still asking Speakers for presentations on the same and if so any specified topic? I would be happy to hear from. Thanks and Best wishes.
Regards
Dr.Stanley Stevenson Madiki M.D.
Chairman & Managing Director - DSPHCPL.
Saturday, September 5, 2009
What Is Homeopathy, How It Works
Homeopathy, also spelt ‘ homoeopathy’ or called ‘ homeopathics’, has been around since the 18th century. The name is derived from two Greek words: "homoios", meaning similar, and "pathos", meaning disease or suffering. It was a German, Dr. Samuel Christian Frederic Hahnemann (1755 — 1843), who founded and established the fundamental principles of the science and art of Homeopathy. Since then, homeopathy has snaked its way to the rest of the world.
For Malaysia, homeopathy arrived on its shores during World War II: brought over by the Indians through the British Army. But little was known about it. Then in the mid-1950s, Dr. Burhanuddin Al Helmy was among the first to introduce homeopathy to the country as well as set-up the Homeopathic Medical Association of Malaysia.
Today, the popularity of Homeopathy according to A British Journalist, Allison Nadel says in Malaysian Airline magazine January 1996 , " Dr Nik Omar written hundreds of articles on homeopathy and alternative mediicne in local and international magazines. He is an active member of International Homeopathic Community. Both his collegues and his rivals acknowledge his tremendous energy. All recognise that he, more than anyone, is responsible for raising the medicine's profile in Malaysia."
To date, homeopathy influence is so wide that it is purported to be the second most widely used system of medicine in the world. This form of medicine is particularly popular in Germany (of course), France, England, Greece, India, Pakistan, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, South Africa and the United States.
What is Homeopathy?
But what is homeopathy? Essentially, it is a system that attempts to stimulate the body to heal itself. Unlike conventional drugs (allopathic medicine) which are prescribed to control or suppress the symptoms, homeopathic medicine, which stems from various natural sources such as plants, minerals and even animals, are administered in extremely small doses to stimulate the natural defenses of the sick person to initiate the healing process. When consumed, the homeopathic drug will exacerbate the condition before the patient can improve and recover from the ailment.
Homeopathy basically follows a system of medicine based on three principles:
• Like Cures Like — for example, if your flu symptoms are akin to that of mercury poisoning, then mercury would be used as your homeopathic remedy.
• Minimal Dose — the remedy consumed is in an extremely dilute dosage: for example, one part of mercury to roughly 1,000,000,000,000 parts of water.
• The Single Remedy — irrespective of how many symptoms you may be suffering from, only one remedy is consumed to cure all those symptoms.
Actually, even some conventional medical treatments utilize homeopathic-like treatments such as antidotes and vaccines. Even the use of radiation to treat cancer patients is a form of homeopathic-like treatment as radiation itself causes cancer. Another example is using Ritalin — an amphetamine-like drug which normally causes hyperactivity — for hyperactive children.
Each Person is Different
However, unlike conventional medicine where one drug is prescribed for a set of symptoms in all patients, homeopathic treatment goes by the individual. Take for example the common cold with its myriad of effects. The same cold virus actually causes different symptoms and in varying degrees in different people. And under conventional methods, a set of drugs is prescribed to control and suppress the symptoms.
However, with homeopathy, each individual with the same strain of the cold virus requires different remedies due to the different make-up of individuals. For this reason, each person has to be assessed closely by homeopathic practitioners to ascertain which remedy works best for them. These practitioners would interview the patient extensively to discover the totality of his/her physical, emotional and mental symptoms that are being experienced before prescribing any remedy. Thus, different remedies will be given to different people with the same viral infection.
Homeopathic Popularity
Since being discovered by Dr. Hahnemann in the 18th century, this alternative system of medicine has gained much popularity and this success is catalyzed by several reasons:
• Effectiveness
— when the right remedy is taken, the results can be rapid, complete and permanent.
• Safety
— the remedies are of natural sources, thus, even babies and pregnant women can take homeopathic drugs without experiencing any adverse side effects. Plus, homeopathic remedies can be consumed alongside other medication without the danger of any side effects.
• Naturalness
— the concoction of homeopathic remedies use natural ingredients.
• Harmony
— instead of controlling and suppressing the symptoms which is what conventional drugs do, homeopathic remedies work in synchronization with the patients’ immune system to battle the ailment.
• Non-Addictive
— homeopathic remedies are not addictive and once relief is felt, the patient should stop taking them.
• Holistic
— homeopathy is a holistic treatment where all the symptoms are treated as one, which means it focuses on and treats the cause of the illness and not the symptoms.
The Unknown Factors
However, nothing is perfect and to every up side there is, most often than not, a downside. The same applies to homeopathic treatment. The shortcomings of homeopathic treatment are related to:
• Time
— as there is no standard homeopathic remedy for a particular ailment and the particular remedy required has to match your particular ailment, it thus takes time and patience to find the right treatment. The homeopathic practitioner has to first know certain facts to the onset of the ailment, your state of mind and other related symptoms and such before getting down to the right remedy.
• Surgery
— in some instances, the ailment requires more than just homeopathic treatment; surgical intervention is imminent. Nevertheless, homeopathic remedies can still assist the patient’s recovery following surgery.
• Immediate Treatment
— there are certain illness that necessitates immediate action in order to save the patient’s life such as cases of asthma where breathing is significantly impaired, meningitis which calls for immediate antibiotic treatment to prevent possible brain damage, or even death, and such.
• Environment Change
— in some cases, the ailment is a result of overexposure to environmental stresses (toxins, environment), most likely from the work place. Here, homeopathic treatment will only temporary relieve the patient of his/her symptoms until there is a change in the environment, away from the cause of the symptoms.
• Nutritional & Lifestyle Change
— sometimes, all a person needs is certain vitamins or change in lifestyle. While homeopathic remedies can assist in better absorption of the required nutrients, the symptoms will still persist if the nutrient is not consumed in the first place.
• Unresponsive
— there are also those people who, for some unknown reason, do not respond to homeopathic medicine at all. And to this, there has yet to be any breakthrough…yet.
Practitioners in KL & Selangor
In Malaysia, the headquarters for homeopathic practitioners is the Homeopathic College & Hospital in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. Nevertheless, scattered around the country are a number of qualified homeopathic practitioners. Specifically for Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, below are some of the practitioners to visit or get in touch with for further information regarding homeopathy
Get more info from
http://drnikomar.tripod.com
For Malaysia, homeopathy arrived on its shores during World War II: brought over by the Indians through the British Army. But little was known about it. Then in the mid-1950s, Dr. Burhanuddin Al Helmy was among the first to introduce homeopathy to the country as well as set-up the Homeopathic Medical Association of Malaysia.
Today, the popularity of Homeopathy according to A British Journalist, Allison Nadel says in Malaysian Airline magazine January 1996 , " Dr Nik Omar written hundreds of articles on homeopathy and alternative mediicne in local and international magazines. He is an active member of International Homeopathic Community. Both his collegues and his rivals acknowledge his tremendous energy. All recognise that he, more than anyone, is responsible for raising the medicine's profile in Malaysia."
To date, homeopathy influence is so wide that it is purported to be the second most widely used system of medicine in the world. This form of medicine is particularly popular in Germany (of course), France, England, Greece, India, Pakistan, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, South Africa and the United States.
What is Homeopathy?
But what is homeopathy? Essentially, it is a system that attempts to stimulate the body to heal itself. Unlike conventional drugs (allopathic medicine) which are prescribed to control or suppress the symptoms, homeopathic medicine, which stems from various natural sources such as plants, minerals and even animals, are administered in extremely small doses to stimulate the natural defenses of the sick person to initiate the healing process. When consumed, the homeopathic drug will exacerbate the condition before the patient can improve and recover from the ailment.
Homeopathy basically follows a system of medicine based on three principles:
• Like Cures Like — for example, if your flu symptoms are akin to that of mercury poisoning, then mercury would be used as your homeopathic remedy.
• Minimal Dose — the remedy consumed is in an extremely dilute dosage: for example, one part of mercury to roughly 1,000,000,000,000 parts of water.
• The Single Remedy — irrespective of how many symptoms you may be suffering from, only one remedy is consumed to cure all those symptoms.
Actually, even some conventional medical treatments utilize homeopathic-like treatments such as antidotes and vaccines. Even the use of radiation to treat cancer patients is a form of homeopathic-like treatment as radiation itself causes cancer. Another example is using Ritalin — an amphetamine-like drug which normally causes hyperactivity — for hyperactive children.
Each Person is Different
However, unlike conventional medicine where one drug is prescribed for a set of symptoms in all patients, homeopathic treatment goes by the individual. Take for example the common cold with its myriad of effects. The same cold virus actually causes different symptoms and in varying degrees in different people. And under conventional methods, a set of drugs is prescribed to control and suppress the symptoms.
However, with homeopathy, each individual with the same strain of the cold virus requires different remedies due to the different make-up of individuals. For this reason, each person has to be assessed closely by homeopathic practitioners to ascertain which remedy works best for them. These practitioners would interview the patient extensively to discover the totality of his/her physical, emotional and mental symptoms that are being experienced before prescribing any remedy. Thus, different remedies will be given to different people with the same viral infection.
Homeopathic Popularity
Since being discovered by Dr. Hahnemann in the 18th century, this alternative system of medicine has gained much popularity and this success is catalyzed by several reasons:
• Effectiveness
— when the right remedy is taken, the results can be rapid, complete and permanent.
• Safety
— the remedies are of natural sources, thus, even babies and pregnant women can take homeopathic drugs without experiencing any adverse side effects. Plus, homeopathic remedies can be consumed alongside other medication without the danger of any side effects.
• Naturalness
— the concoction of homeopathic remedies use natural ingredients.
• Harmony
— instead of controlling and suppressing the symptoms which is what conventional drugs do, homeopathic remedies work in synchronization with the patients’ immune system to battle the ailment.
• Non-Addictive
— homeopathic remedies are not addictive and once relief is felt, the patient should stop taking them.
• Holistic
— homeopathy is a holistic treatment where all the symptoms are treated as one, which means it focuses on and treats the cause of the illness and not the symptoms.
The Unknown Factors
However, nothing is perfect and to every up side there is, most often than not, a downside. The same applies to homeopathic treatment. The shortcomings of homeopathic treatment are related to:
• Time
— as there is no standard homeopathic remedy for a particular ailment and the particular remedy required has to match your particular ailment, it thus takes time and patience to find the right treatment. The homeopathic practitioner has to first know certain facts to the onset of the ailment, your state of mind and other related symptoms and such before getting down to the right remedy.
• Surgery
— in some instances, the ailment requires more than just homeopathic treatment; surgical intervention is imminent. Nevertheless, homeopathic remedies can still assist the patient’s recovery following surgery.
• Immediate Treatment
— there are certain illness that necessitates immediate action in order to save the patient’s life such as cases of asthma where breathing is significantly impaired, meningitis which calls for immediate antibiotic treatment to prevent possible brain damage, or even death, and such.
• Environment Change
— in some cases, the ailment is a result of overexposure to environmental stresses (toxins, environment), most likely from the work place. Here, homeopathic treatment will only temporary relieve the patient of his/her symptoms until there is a change in the environment, away from the cause of the symptoms.
• Nutritional & Lifestyle Change
— sometimes, all a person needs is certain vitamins or change in lifestyle. While homeopathic remedies can assist in better absorption of the required nutrients, the symptoms will still persist if the nutrient is not consumed in the first place.
• Unresponsive
— there are also those people who, for some unknown reason, do not respond to homeopathic medicine at all. And to this, there has yet to be any breakthrough…yet.
Practitioners in KL & Selangor
In Malaysia, the headquarters for homeopathic practitioners is the Homeopathic College & Hospital in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. Nevertheless, scattered around the country are a number of qualified homeopathic practitioners. Specifically for Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, below are some of the practitioners to visit or get in touch with for further information regarding homeopathy
Get more info from
http://drnikomar.tripod.com
Prime Minister Message For 18th AHML International Conference 4-5 Oct at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Message From Prime Minister of Malaysia
Dato'Sri Mohd Najib
For 18th AHML & 8 th International Conference on
Homeopathy and Complementary Medicine
Malaysia 2009
It is indeed a great pleasure for me to pen a few words in conjunction with 18th AHML & 8 th International Conference on Homeopathy and Complementary Medicine to be held at Genting Highlands Resort, Malaysia.
I would like to congratulate the organiser of The Asian Homeopathic Medical League, The Malaysia Registered Homeopathic Medical Practitioners Association, The Faculty of Homeopathy Malaysia for their didication in holding this event.
The fact that the organiser has gained support from members of Asian countries is reflected in the hosting of this conference. The confidence given to Malaysia is due to our ability in hosting previous international conferences successfully.
I believe that the conference would discuss new updates and development in homeopathy and complementary medicine since many experts are attending to the conference.
I hope that homeopathy would also be able to contribute towards better health care since it is a safe system of medicine and treat naturally.
Lastly, I wish all the delegates an enjoyable and pleasant stay in Malaysia.
Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Tuan Abd Razak.
Prime Minister of Malaysia
Pejabat Perdana Menteri Malaysia
Bangunan Perdana
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Pesekutuan
62502 Putrajaya.
26th August 2009
Papers To be Presented at 18th International Conference On Homeopathy at Kuala Lumpur 4-5 Oct 2009
4th Oct 2009
11.15 am - Working Papers
1. Reconstruction of water Molecules in Homeopathic
Potencies and their Effect on Protein Molecules by Dr
Anirban Sukul, India
2. “Dynamic Science” The New Science that Explains the Scientificity of
Homeopathy, Spirituality and Help in the Understanding, Prevention and
Management of Cancer - By Dr Kudiyat, Phillipine
3. Evidence Based Pilot Study on The Role of
Homeopathic Drugs in Cases of Kidney Stones by
Dr Girish Gupta
4. The Logic Understanding Homeopathy /
Complementary Medical practice by Dr Al Mitri
Tunisia
5. Jabat Urut by Dr Din singapore
6. Autism & Homeopathy treatment by Dr Sundradas Singapore
Discussion
1.00 - Lunch First World Cafe Level 3
2.30 pm - A Ultrasound based Clinical Study of Bening
Enlargement of Prostate in Respond to Homeopathic
Treatment by Dr Allen Nigel, France
2.45 pm - Function of Thyroid Gland and Ovaries Are
Interrrelated by Dr Purnima Shukla, India.
3.00 pm - Effect of Homeopathic Mother Tincture Amygdalus
Persica Folium & Murraya Koenih11 on Diabetes Type
11 by Dr M. Zubeir Qureshi Pakistan.
3.30 pm - Diabetic Ulcers - Their Homeopathic Cure &
Management by Dr C. Weerasekera, Sri Lanka
- Theory and Practice of Homeopathy In Agroculture
by Dr H.U. Gangar, CIRCT, Indian Council of Agriculture
Research
5.00 pm - Discussion Tea Breaks
Free & Easy - Play Roller Coaster
Own Dinner
October 5 th , 2009 ( Monday )
9.30 am - Session 1 start
- Cancer of Lympatic System & Homopathic
treatment
- Biological Tumours, fibroids & Cycsts Treated by
Homeopathic treatment by Dr Nik Omar, Malaysia
- The Newly Proved Remedies in Homeopathy - Scientific Classicfication,
Source, Parts Used, Habitat, Totality and clinical Condidtion by Dr
Jawahar Shah, India
- Role of Homeopathic In Modern medicine by Dr
Mohamed Kocabas, Saudi Arabia
10.30 am - Tea Breaks
10.45 - Free Subjects
Efficacy of Homeopathy in The Treatment of Ovarian Cycsts
by Dr Rajesh Gupta & Dr Sapna Gupta
11.00 - Verterinary Homeopathy & TCM, New Potentials of
Alternative Medicine
- Developing and Demonstrating Effectiveness of Homeopathy
and Alternative Medicine In Animal Health by Dr Surjit S Makker
11.15 - Advanced Homeopathy Protocol of Treatment by Dr Kurshal Benerjee
11.45 - Case Record Miracle Cure by Homeopathy by Dr Selvanayagam
Vijayanayagam, Sri Lanka
1.00 Lunch
2.30 pm - 1. Acupuncture Effect on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A
Brain Mapping Study using FMRI by Dr Ali Zailaa,
Australia University
2. Study various Types of Arthritis & Homeopathic
treatment by Sudhansu Sekhar Moharana
- Diabetes Mellitus _ Mental States & Its Role
by Dr Amit M Nimbhorkar
3. Mind , Body With Alternative & Complementary
Medicine
11.15 am - Working Papers
1. Reconstruction of water Molecules in Homeopathic
Potencies and their Effect on Protein Molecules by Dr
Anirban Sukul, India
2. “Dynamic Science” The New Science that Explains the Scientificity of
Homeopathy, Spirituality and Help in the Understanding, Prevention and
Management of Cancer - By Dr Kudiyat, Phillipine
3. Evidence Based Pilot Study on The Role of
Homeopathic Drugs in Cases of Kidney Stones by
Dr Girish Gupta
4. The Logic Understanding Homeopathy /
Complementary Medical practice by Dr Al Mitri
Tunisia
5. Jabat Urut by Dr Din singapore
6. Autism & Homeopathy treatment by Dr Sundradas Singapore
Discussion
1.00 - Lunch First World Cafe Level 3
2.30 pm - A Ultrasound based Clinical Study of Bening
Enlargement of Prostate in Respond to Homeopathic
Treatment by Dr Allen Nigel, France
2.45 pm - Function of Thyroid Gland and Ovaries Are
Interrrelated by Dr Purnima Shukla, India.
3.00 pm - Effect of Homeopathic Mother Tincture Amygdalus
Persica Folium & Murraya Koenih11 on Diabetes Type
11 by Dr M. Zubeir Qureshi Pakistan.
3.30 pm - Diabetic Ulcers - Their Homeopathic Cure &
Management by Dr C. Weerasekera, Sri Lanka
- Theory and Practice of Homeopathy In Agroculture
by Dr H.U. Gangar, CIRCT, Indian Council of Agriculture
Research
5.00 pm - Discussion Tea Breaks
Free & Easy - Play Roller Coaster
Own Dinner
October 5 th , 2009 ( Monday )
9.30 am - Session 1 start
- Cancer of Lympatic System & Homopathic
treatment
- Biological Tumours, fibroids & Cycsts Treated by
Homeopathic treatment by Dr Nik Omar, Malaysia
- The Newly Proved Remedies in Homeopathy - Scientific Classicfication,
Source, Parts Used, Habitat, Totality and clinical Condidtion by Dr
Jawahar Shah, India
- Role of Homeopathic In Modern medicine by Dr
Mohamed Kocabas, Saudi Arabia
10.30 am - Tea Breaks
10.45 - Free Subjects
Efficacy of Homeopathy in The Treatment of Ovarian Cycsts
by Dr Rajesh Gupta & Dr Sapna Gupta
11.00 - Verterinary Homeopathy & TCM, New Potentials of
Alternative Medicine
- Developing and Demonstrating Effectiveness of Homeopathy
and Alternative Medicine In Animal Health by Dr Surjit S Makker
11.15 - Advanced Homeopathy Protocol of Treatment by Dr Kurshal Benerjee
11.45 - Case Record Miracle Cure by Homeopathy by Dr Selvanayagam
Vijayanayagam, Sri Lanka
1.00 Lunch
2.30 pm - 1. Acupuncture Effect on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A
Brain Mapping Study using FMRI by Dr Ali Zailaa,
Australia University
2. Study various Types of Arthritis & Homeopathic
treatment by Sudhansu Sekhar Moharana
- Diabetes Mellitus _ Mental States & Its Role
by Dr Amit M Nimbhorkar
3. Mind , Body With Alternative & Complementary
Medicine
News About Chikungunya Treatment From India
Cirrcular letter to all my doctor-students and former patients who got
cured completely of Chikungunya disease with one single dose prescribed
by me during 2007-2008.
Sub: Treatment for Swine Flu, Chikungunya etc.
By V. Krishnamurthy, India
During the years 2007-2008 lakhs and lakhs of Chikungunya victims had been completely and permanently cured with one single dose of the homoeopathic remedy called Polyporus Pinicola-10,000X. (Rate of success: more than 97%)
The undersigned was the first homoeopathic practitioner to find out and tell the name of this homoeopathic medicine being almost a specific for chikungunya. For nearly six months I had done individual and independent research by going through medical records of hospitals and nursing homes in India and abroad and by paying fifty staff and interviewing thousands of Chikungunya victims. At last I could find out Polyporus Pinicola, being almost a specific remedy for chikungunya.. Prior to my finding, all homoeopaths had been giving more than one remedy for weeks with 25% temporary relief only. In that work I had spent about fifty lakhs of rupees. It is most unfortunate that no credit had been given nor any honour made to me for my hard work.. Be that as it may.
Those patients who got cured of chikungunya 1-2 years ago and also homoeopathic and other medical practitioners who had successfully cured chikungunya victims with one single dose of Polyporus Pinicola, are now writing me and inquiring over phone as to what is to be done for the dreaded Swine Flue prevalent today all over India .
If any rich person or institution or government department comes forward to pay me about seventy-five lakhs of rupees I can work by employing persons and in two or three weeks I can find out and reveal the name of a homoeopathic medicine for swine flu, useful both as a preventive and curative in one single dose, and declare its name openly to the world as I had done in the case of chikungunya disease.
After spending more than a month with the help of fifty part-time and full-time employees I have identified an ancient herbal formula both for treatment as well as prevention of Swine Flu.
To get this herbal remedy you may send money order or bank draft for Rs.500 (Rupees five hundred only) (overseas: US$ 23=00 or Euro 21=00) to the following address.
Dr. V. Krishnamurthy, Raman House, Old No.21, Kuppaiah Street, West Mambalam,
Chennai - 33, India . Please avoid phone callsWe have no e-mail please.
cured completely of Chikungunya disease with one single dose prescribed
by me during 2007-2008.
Sub: Treatment for Swine Flu, Chikungunya etc.
By V. Krishnamurthy, India
During the years 2007-2008 lakhs and lakhs of Chikungunya victims had been completely and permanently cured with one single dose of the homoeopathic remedy called Polyporus Pinicola-10,000X. (Rate of success: more than 97%)
The undersigned was the first homoeopathic practitioner to find out and tell the name of this homoeopathic medicine being almost a specific for chikungunya. For nearly six months I had done individual and independent research by going through medical records of hospitals and nursing homes in India and abroad and by paying fifty staff and interviewing thousands of Chikungunya victims. At last I could find out Polyporus Pinicola, being almost a specific remedy for chikungunya.. Prior to my finding, all homoeopaths had been giving more than one remedy for weeks with 25% temporary relief only. In that work I had spent about fifty lakhs of rupees. It is most unfortunate that no credit had been given nor any honour made to me for my hard work.. Be that as it may.
Those patients who got cured of chikungunya 1-2 years ago and also homoeopathic and other medical practitioners who had successfully cured chikungunya victims with one single dose of Polyporus Pinicola, are now writing me and inquiring over phone as to what is to be done for the dreaded Swine Flue prevalent today all over India .
If any rich person or institution or government department comes forward to pay me about seventy-five lakhs of rupees I can work by employing persons and in two or three weeks I can find out and reveal the name of a homoeopathic medicine for swine flu, useful both as a preventive and curative in one single dose, and declare its name openly to the world as I had done in the case of chikungunya disease.
After spending more than a month with the help of fifty part-time and full-time employees I have identified an ancient herbal formula both for treatment as well as prevention of Swine Flu.
To get this herbal remedy you may send money order or bank draft for Rs.500 (Rupees five hundred only) (overseas: US$ 23=00 or Euro 21=00) to the following address.
Dr. V. Krishnamurthy, Raman House, Old No.21, Kuppaiah Street, West Mambalam,
Chennai - 33, India . Please avoid phone callsWe have no e-mail please.
Tuesday, September 1, 2009
64 LIga Congress at Warsaw, Poland 2009 A Great Success
Warsaw, Poland LMHI Congress 26 - 30 August 2009
Malaysia was represented by two delegates
1. Prof Dr Nik Omar, Vice President LMHI Malaysia
2. H/Dr Geraldine Chong, member of LMHI Malaysia.
Prof Nik Omar with Dr Tomasz The President of Polish Society of Homeopathy and The Chairman of 64 the Liga Congress at Warsaw, Poland.
Dr Tomasz is one of the talented Homeopath in Europe and a well known among Liga members. He and his Polish Team deserved to be congratulated a a nice arranging of the Congress.
Homeopathy came to Poland as far as 1925.
With Dr Fisher The President Of Liga from Germany
Warsaw, Poland 26 August 2009
I was at Warsaw, Poland for the 64th International Homeopathic Medical League ( LMHI) World Congress. It was attended by 45 LHMI member countries with 600 delegates. The Great Conferebnce was weld at The biggest Cultural Building A Nauki right at the Centre of The City of Warsaw, Poland.
Malaysia was represented by two delegates
1. Prof Dr Nik Omar, Vice President LMHI Malaysia
2. H/Dr Geraldine Chong, member of LMHI Malaysia.
Prof Nik Omar with Dr Tomasz The President of Polish Society of Homeopathy and The Chairman of 64 the Liga Congress at Warsaw, Poland.
Dr Tomasz is one of the talented Homeopath in Europe and a well known among Liga members. He and his Polish Team deserved to be congratulated a a nice arranging of the Congress.
Homeopathy came to Poland as far as 1925.
With Dr Fisher The President Of Liga from Germany
Warsaw, Poland 26 August 2009
I was at Warsaw, Poland for the 64th International Homeopathic Medical League ( LMHI) World Congress. It was attended by 45 LHMI member countries with 600 delegates. The Great Conferebnce was weld at The biggest Cultural Building A Nauki right at the Centre of The City of Warsaw, Poland.
Tuesday, August 4, 2009
Course On Homeopathy For Women Health Organized by National Institute Of Educational Management & Leadership
One Day Course On 4th August 2009
Self Enhancement and Wellness For Women Untuk
Isteri-isteri Pegawaia Kanan kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
The Lecture Given By Prof Dr Nik Omar
at Institut Aminuddin Baki, Genting Highland, Pahang.
Topic of Lecture: Kesihatan Wanita Melalui Rawatan Homeopathy & Perubatan Alternatif
" Homeopathy For Womem Health"
Kehadiran:
1. Y'Bgia Puan Sri Nor Asiah
isteri Ketua setiausaha Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
2. Y'Bgia Datin Sabariah
Isteri Timbalan Ketua Setiausaha Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
3. Dr Hj Khair bin Mohamed Yusuf
Pengarah Institut Aminuddin Baki
4. Dr Hjh Samsiah Mustaffa
Timbalan Pengarah Latihan IAB.
Saturday, August 1, 2009
Americans Spend US$34 Billion A Year For Alternative Treatment
(USATODAY) -- While Americans may complain about the high cost of health care, they're still willing to shell out roughly $34 billion a year out-of-pocket on alternative therapies that aren't covered by insurance, a new study shows.
That's a growth of more than 25% in the past decade, says an in-person survey of 23,000 Americans from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health.
Alternative therapies, which range from herbs to yoga classes, now account for 11% of the total amount that Americans spend out-of-pocket on all health care.
These unconventional approaches are popular with people of all ages: 38% of adults and 12% of children have used them in the past year, the study says.
But Americans don't always use these treatments under a doctor's guidance.
The bulk of these expenses - an average of $122 a person in 2007 - go to "self care," or treatments such as homeopathic medications and fish oil capsules that people buy without a health practitioner's advice, the study says.
But that doesn't mean that these patient reject conventional medical treatment, says Linda Lee, director of the Johns Hopkins Integrative Medicine & Digestive Center in Baltimore, who wasn't involved in the new survey.
Many people combine conventional and "complementary" approaches, Lee says. For example, cancer patients may undergo chemotherapy at a hospital, but also use acupuncture for chronic pain, she says. And while natural approaches to health care may sound home-spun, they've also become a big business. Lee notes that supplements and alternative therapies have boomed in popularity partly due to savvy marketing.
The study shows that conventional doctors need to learn as much as possible about alternative therapies, Lee says, "not so they can necessarily prescribe or profit from them, but so they understand what it is their patients are hoping to gain and advise patients as to their appropriate use."
The results also show why it's important for researchers to conduct rigorous scientific studies of alternative therapies, says the NIH's Josephine Briggs. Many alternative approaches have never been carefully tested for safety and effectiveness.
That's starting to change.
In recent years, clinical trials presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology, for example, have shown that ginseng relieves fatigue in cancer patients, ginger fights chemo-related nausea and flax seeds seem to slow the growth of prostate tumors. Other research presented at the oncology society show that shark cartilage has no effect on fighting lung cancer.
Lee says she's concerned about patients who "self-prescribe" alternative therapies.
Many patients also fail to tell their doctors when they try alternative therapies for fear of ridicule, Lee says. Both practices can put patients at risk, however. Alternative therapies can have dangerous interactions - both with conventional or non-conventional medications - or may pose risks for patients with particular medical conditions.
For example, antioxidant supplements can interfere with the effects of radiation therapy and some forms of chemo, Lee says. High doses of vitamin E, which can thin the blood, could be harmful for people taking other blood-thinning drugs or those about to have surgery.
"An open dialogue with our patients only improves our ability to care for them," Lee says.
That's a growth of more than 25% in the past decade, says an in-person survey of 23,000 Americans from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institutes of Health.
Alternative therapies, which range from herbs to yoga classes, now account for 11% of the total amount that Americans spend out-of-pocket on all health care.
These unconventional approaches are popular with people of all ages: 38% of adults and 12% of children have used them in the past year, the study says.
But Americans don't always use these treatments under a doctor's guidance.
The bulk of these expenses - an average of $122 a person in 2007 - go to "self care," or treatments such as homeopathic medications and fish oil capsules that people buy without a health practitioner's advice, the study says.
But that doesn't mean that these patient reject conventional medical treatment, says Linda Lee, director of the Johns Hopkins Integrative Medicine & Digestive Center in Baltimore, who wasn't involved in the new survey.
Many people combine conventional and "complementary" approaches, Lee says. For example, cancer patients may undergo chemotherapy at a hospital, but also use acupuncture for chronic pain, she says. And while natural approaches to health care may sound home-spun, they've also become a big business. Lee notes that supplements and alternative therapies have boomed in popularity partly due to savvy marketing.
The study shows that conventional doctors need to learn as much as possible about alternative therapies, Lee says, "not so they can necessarily prescribe or profit from them, but so they understand what it is their patients are hoping to gain and advise patients as to their appropriate use."
The results also show why it's important for researchers to conduct rigorous scientific studies of alternative therapies, says the NIH's Josephine Briggs. Many alternative approaches have never been carefully tested for safety and effectiveness.
That's starting to change.
In recent years, clinical trials presented at the American Society of Clinical Oncology, for example, have shown that ginseng relieves fatigue in cancer patients, ginger fights chemo-related nausea and flax seeds seem to slow the growth of prostate tumors. Other research presented at the oncology society show that shark cartilage has no effect on fighting lung cancer.
Lee says she's concerned about patients who "self-prescribe" alternative therapies.
Many patients also fail to tell their doctors when they try alternative therapies for fear of ridicule, Lee says. Both practices can put patients at risk, however. Alternative therapies can have dangerous interactions - both with conventional or non-conventional medications - or may pose risks for patients with particular medical conditions.
For example, antioxidant supplements can interfere with the effects of radiation therapy and some forms of chemo, Lee says. High doses of vitamin E, which can thin the blood, could be harmful for people taking other blood-thinning drugs or those about to have surgery.
"An open dialogue with our patients only improves our ability to care for them," Lee says.
Vitiligo ( Leucoderma ) & Homeopathy Treatment
1.What is vitiligo/leucoderma?
Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder in which special skin cells (melanocytes) that produce the pigment melanin in the skin as well as the tissues (mucous membranes) that line the inside of the mouth, nose, and genital and rectal areas, and the retina of the eyes are destroyed. As a result, white patches of skin appear on different parts of the body. The hair that grows in areas affected by vitiligo may also turn white.
2.Symptoms of vitiligo?
The typical appearance of Vitiligo is a milky white de-pigmented spot or spots. It may vary from a single white spot to multiple spots. The shape too is a variable. In some cases generalized de-pigmentation observed all over the body. It has a tendency to start as a single spot and gradually grow in size and number. It may present with a single or several spots on limbs or abdomen or back and then spreading to other parts of the body. Some cases showing affection of the muco-cutaneous junctions such as finger-tips, corners of the mouth, private parts, around eyes. The spread of the disorder is usually slow and progressive. Symmetrical appearance on both the sides of the body (say, on the legs, hands, etc.) is common. In rare cases one finds vitiligo spreading all over the body.
Associated Skin Disorders:
At times, you may find Vitiligo associated with one or more of the following conditions:
° Alopecia Areata (Loss of hair)
° Premature graying of the hair
° Lichen Planus
° Lichen sclerosus
° Psoriasis
° Halo Naevus
° Ichthyosis
Associated Systemic Disorders:
There are several systemic diseases (affecting the entire body system), which are at times associated with Vitiligo:
° Thyroid Disorders (Hypo and Hyperthyroidism)
° SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
° Pernicious Anemia
° Addison’s Disease
° Collagen Diseases
° Grave’s Disease
° Diabetes Mellitus
It may be noted that the sufferers of Vitiligo need not be unduly scared of the above disease conditions, as they should not be regarded as the complications of Vitiligo in every case.
3.Causes of vitiligo?
The cause of vitiligo is not fully known, but there are several theories. One theory of some substance is that people with vitiligo develop antibodies that, instead of protecting them, turn upon them and destroy their own melanocytes, the special cells that produce the pigment melanin that colors their skin.
Another theory is that the melanocytes somehow attack and destroy themselves. Finally, some people with vitiligo have reported that a single event such as a severe sunburn or an episode of emotional distress seem to have triggered their vitiligo. Events of this nature, however, have not been scientifically proven to cause vitiligo and may simply be coincidences.
Who is affected by vitiligo?
About 1 to 2% of people in the world, or 40 to 50 million people, have vitiligo. In the United States alone, 2 to 5 million people have the disorder.
Ninety-five percent of people who have vitiligo develop it before their 40th birthday. The disorder affects all races and both sexes equally.
3.Is vitiligo inherited?
Yes, in some cases it is. Vitiligo may be hereditary and run in families. Children whose parents have the disorder are more likely to develop vitiligo. However, most children will not get vitiligo even if a parent has it, and most people with vitiligo do not have a family history of the disorder.
There are a sizable number of inherited disorders associated with vitiligo. To illustrate, they include: albinism of the ocular type, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, congenital deafness with vitiligo and achalasia, dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, ermine phenotype, familial histiocyctic reticulosis, kabuki syndrome, Letterer-Siwe disease, progressive hemifacial atrophy, progressive vitiligo with mental retardation and urethral duplication, Schmidt syndrome, and the syndrome of spastic paraparesis, vitiligo, premature graying and characteristic facies.
The abundance of genetic diseases associated with vitiligo clearly reflects the fact that there are a number of genes which normally govern the development and wellbeing of the melanocyte.
4.Do the depigmented patches spread?
There is no way to predict if vitiligo will spread. For some people, the depigmented patches do not spread. However, the disorder is usually progressive, and over time the white patches often spread to other areas of the body.
For some people, vitiligo spreads slowly, over many years. For others, the diffusion occurs rapidly. Some people have reported additional depigmentation following periods of physical or emotional stress.
5.How vitiligo diagnosed?
Important factors in a patient’s medical history include: vitiligo in the family; a rash, sunburn, or other skin trauma at the site of vitiligo 2 to 3 months before depigmentation started; stress or physical illness; and premature graying of the hair (before age 35). In addition, it is important to know whether the patient or anyone in the patient’s family has had any autoimmune diseases and whether the patient is very sensitive to the sun.
The doctor then examines the patient to rule out other medical problems. The doctor may take a small sample (biopsy) of the affected skin and may also take a blood sample to check the blood-cell count and thyroid function. For some patients, the doctor may recommend an eye examination to check for uveitis (inflammation of the front portion of the eye). A special blood test to look for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (a type of autoantibody) may also be done. These evaluations can help to determine if the patient has an additional autoimmune disease.
6.Treatment of vitiligo & homeopathic approach:
As a rule, homoeopathy never looks at Vitiligo as a local disease. Vitiligo has been considered as a local expression of a system disturbance. As per the classical homoeopathy, we believe in constitutional prescribing. This calls for individual case study in every case of Vitiligo. There is no single specific remedy for all the cases of Vitiligo. The exact treatment is determined only on in-depth evaluation of individual case.
Constitutional approach:
What we understand by the Constitutional Approach in homeopathy is nothing but analysis and evaluation of various factors affecting the human constitution to determine the disease diagnosis and the exact treatment in turn. Every case of Vitiligo calls for study of the patient’s constitution which includes various aspects of his physical aspects as well as the in-depth study of the mental sphere, such as emotions, psychosocial background, behavior and personality pattern, etc.
The homeopathic remedy selected in every case after such a detail study is called the constitutional medicine, which when administered in the correct dose brings about harmony at the constitutional level, stimulating the normal pigmentation and hence induces normal skin coloration. It will be of interest to note that the homeopathy medicines are essentially oral and not in the form of creams, lotions or any local application on the skin.
Diet & Regimen:
There are a few instructions for patients regarding their diet in vitiligo especially with mention of what they should avoid during the treatment of vitiligo. Following are some of our observations based on our clinical experience of treating a large number of patients (clinical observations):
Foods that are excessively sour should be avoided. The ascorbic acid in sour foods tends to reduce melanin pigmentation. So the patients should restrict their intake of citrus foods.
Non vegetarian foods are also to be avoided as they act as a foreign body to pigment cells.
Flavoured drinks are to be avoided.
Artificial colours used in various food preparations should also be avoided.
There may not be enough scientific evidence to prove how these foods worsen vitiligo but our clinical experience has shown that many patients report worsening of their vitiligo from these items and hence they are better avoided.
Usually small amounts of milk, for example in tea or coffee, do not cause any problems. Dairy products such as butter, cheese and yoghurt are also well tolerated. If milk is excluded, it should be replaced with low lactose milk or with Soya milk. This should be discussed with a dietician to ensure that the nutritional balance is maintained.
Ginkgo Extract Effective Treatment for Vitiligo:
Healthnotes Newswire (August 21, 2003)—Supplementation with a standardized extract of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) may help slow the progression of skin depigmentation and actually increase pigmentation in adults suffering from vitiligo, according to a study in Clinical and Experimental Dematology (2003;28:285–7). This is encouraging news for the millions of adults that have to deal with this often difficult to treat condition.
Vitiligo is a pigmentation disorder in which special skin cells (melanocytes) that produce the pigment melanin in the skin as well as the tissues (mucous membranes) that line the inside of the mouth, nose, and genital and rectal areas, and the retina of the eyes are destroyed. As a result, white patches of skin appear on different parts of the body. The hair that grows in areas affected by vitiligo may also turn white.
2.Symptoms of vitiligo?
The typical appearance of Vitiligo is a milky white de-pigmented spot or spots. It may vary from a single white spot to multiple spots. The shape too is a variable. In some cases generalized de-pigmentation observed all over the body. It has a tendency to start as a single spot and gradually grow in size and number. It may present with a single or several spots on limbs or abdomen or back and then spreading to other parts of the body. Some cases showing affection of the muco-cutaneous junctions such as finger-tips, corners of the mouth, private parts, around eyes. The spread of the disorder is usually slow and progressive. Symmetrical appearance on both the sides of the body (say, on the legs, hands, etc.) is common. In rare cases one finds vitiligo spreading all over the body.
Associated Skin Disorders:
At times, you may find Vitiligo associated with one or more of the following conditions:
° Alopecia Areata (Loss of hair)
° Premature graying of the hair
° Lichen Planus
° Lichen sclerosus
° Psoriasis
° Halo Naevus
° Ichthyosis
Associated Systemic Disorders:
There are several systemic diseases (affecting the entire body system), which are at times associated with Vitiligo:
° Thyroid Disorders (Hypo and Hyperthyroidism)
° SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
° Pernicious Anemia
° Addison’s Disease
° Collagen Diseases
° Grave’s Disease
° Diabetes Mellitus
It may be noted that the sufferers of Vitiligo need not be unduly scared of the above disease conditions, as they should not be regarded as the complications of Vitiligo in every case.
3.Causes of vitiligo?
The cause of vitiligo is not fully known, but there are several theories. One theory of some substance is that people with vitiligo develop antibodies that, instead of protecting them, turn upon them and destroy their own melanocytes, the special cells that produce the pigment melanin that colors their skin.
Another theory is that the melanocytes somehow attack and destroy themselves. Finally, some people with vitiligo have reported that a single event such as a severe sunburn or an episode of emotional distress seem to have triggered their vitiligo. Events of this nature, however, have not been scientifically proven to cause vitiligo and may simply be coincidences.
Who is affected by vitiligo?
About 1 to 2% of people in the world, or 40 to 50 million people, have vitiligo. In the United States alone, 2 to 5 million people have the disorder.
Ninety-five percent of people who have vitiligo develop it before their 40th birthday. The disorder affects all races and both sexes equally.
3.Is vitiligo inherited?
Yes, in some cases it is. Vitiligo may be hereditary and run in families. Children whose parents have the disorder are more likely to develop vitiligo. However, most children will not get vitiligo even if a parent has it, and most people with vitiligo do not have a family history of the disorder.
There are a sizable number of inherited disorders associated with vitiligo. To illustrate, they include: albinism of the ocular type, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, congenital deafness with vitiligo and achalasia, dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, ermine phenotype, familial histiocyctic reticulosis, kabuki syndrome, Letterer-Siwe disease, progressive hemifacial atrophy, progressive vitiligo with mental retardation and urethral duplication, Schmidt syndrome, and the syndrome of spastic paraparesis, vitiligo, premature graying and characteristic facies.
The abundance of genetic diseases associated with vitiligo clearly reflects the fact that there are a number of genes which normally govern the development and wellbeing of the melanocyte.
4.Do the depigmented patches spread?
There is no way to predict if vitiligo will spread. For some people, the depigmented patches do not spread. However, the disorder is usually progressive, and over time the white patches often spread to other areas of the body.
For some people, vitiligo spreads slowly, over many years. For others, the diffusion occurs rapidly. Some people have reported additional depigmentation following periods of physical or emotional stress.
5.How vitiligo diagnosed?
Important factors in a patient’s medical history include: vitiligo in the family; a rash, sunburn, or other skin trauma at the site of vitiligo 2 to 3 months before depigmentation started; stress or physical illness; and premature graying of the hair (before age 35). In addition, it is important to know whether the patient or anyone in the patient’s family has had any autoimmune diseases and whether the patient is very sensitive to the sun.
The doctor then examines the patient to rule out other medical problems. The doctor may take a small sample (biopsy) of the affected skin and may also take a blood sample to check the blood-cell count and thyroid function. For some patients, the doctor may recommend an eye examination to check for uveitis (inflammation of the front portion of the eye). A special blood test to look for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (a type of autoantibody) may also be done. These evaluations can help to determine if the patient has an additional autoimmune disease.
6.Treatment of vitiligo & homeopathic approach:
As a rule, homoeopathy never looks at Vitiligo as a local disease. Vitiligo has been considered as a local expression of a system disturbance. As per the classical homoeopathy, we believe in constitutional prescribing. This calls for individual case study in every case of Vitiligo. There is no single specific remedy for all the cases of Vitiligo. The exact treatment is determined only on in-depth evaluation of individual case.
Constitutional approach:
What we understand by the Constitutional Approach in homeopathy is nothing but analysis and evaluation of various factors affecting the human constitution to determine the disease diagnosis and the exact treatment in turn. Every case of Vitiligo calls for study of the patient’s constitution which includes various aspects of his physical aspects as well as the in-depth study of the mental sphere, such as emotions, psychosocial background, behavior and personality pattern, etc.
The homeopathic remedy selected in every case after such a detail study is called the constitutional medicine, which when administered in the correct dose brings about harmony at the constitutional level, stimulating the normal pigmentation and hence induces normal skin coloration. It will be of interest to note that the homeopathy medicines are essentially oral and not in the form of creams, lotions or any local application on the skin.
Diet & Regimen:
There are a few instructions for patients regarding their diet in vitiligo especially with mention of what they should avoid during the treatment of vitiligo. Following are some of our observations based on our clinical experience of treating a large number of patients (clinical observations):
Foods that are excessively sour should be avoided. The ascorbic acid in sour foods tends to reduce melanin pigmentation. So the patients should restrict their intake of citrus foods.
Non vegetarian foods are also to be avoided as they act as a foreign body to pigment cells.
Flavoured drinks are to be avoided.
Artificial colours used in various food preparations should also be avoided.
There may not be enough scientific evidence to prove how these foods worsen vitiligo but our clinical experience has shown that many patients report worsening of their vitiligo from these items and hence they are better avoided.
Usually small amounts of milk, for example in tea or coffee, do not cause any problems. Dairy products such as butter, cheese and yoghurt are also well tolerated. If milk is excluded, it should be replaced with low lactose milk or with Soya milk. This should be discussed with a dietician to ensure that the nutritional balance is maintained.
Ginkgo Extract Effective Treatment for Vitiligo:
Healthnotes Newswire (August 21, 2003)—Supplementation with a standardized extract of ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) may help slow the progression of skin depigmentation and actually increase pigmentation in adults suffering from vitiligo, according to a study in Clinical and Experimental Dematology (2003;28:285–7). This is encouraging news for the millions of adults that have to deal with this often difficult to treat condition.
Bahasa Melayu:
Walaupun agak sukar untuk merawat kes-kes vitiligo atau 'balau', jika bintik-bintik puteh dikulit jadi membesar, mungkin istilah Melayu dinamakan 'sopak', namun kita dalam homeopati tetap berusaha untuk merawatnya.
Diantara remedi utama dalam merawat kes-kes in ialah:
Graphite, Mezerium, Rhust Tox., Sulphur., Hydrocytle, Hepar Su;lph., Thuja dan lain-lain.
Perlu diingatkan bahawa rawatan untuk penyakit ini akan makan masa yang agak panjang, Mungkin satu atau dua tahun. Namun sekurang-kurang masih ada harapan untuk merawat !
Heart Diseases & Homeopathy Treatment
Affection of The Heart
Diseases of The Heart
Dr E.A. Farirngton a great homeopath an ex Professor of Materia Medica at the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia USA suggest “Aconite Nap’” should be remembered for cardiac congestion; hyperemia preceding Peri-carditis of Endo-carditis with fever, mental anxiety, oppression, palpitation, worse walking; stitches, preventing erect posture or deep inspiration.
Angina pectoris, with intense pain down left arm, with numbness and tingling in fingers. Uncomplicated hypertrophy. Fear he will drop dead in the street.
Dr Alook Pareek of Agra, India suggest “Apis” for cardiac inflammation and dropsy, hydro-thorax; unable to lie down; as if could not draw another breath; feeling as though going to die with sudden stinging pains, dysponea and restlessness.
Dr Mehmet Kocabas of Saudi Arabia recommended “ Arg Nit for constant cardiac anxiety, violent palpitation and throbbing through the whole body from slightest emotion, worse in horizontal position, better when walking fast.
Ac Nik Fairuz suggest “ Cimicifuga’ for angina pectoris, maltral valve blockage with pain radiate all over the chest, numbness of let arm. Beside that he uses integrated medicine with 3 ‘Acupuncture Points’ such as ‘Pericardium P6, Heart 4, Lung 7’ which give very good and prompt result.
http://faridah.xaper.com
Diseases of The Heart
Dr E.A. Farirngton a great homeopath an ex Professor of Materia Medica at the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia USA suggest “Aconite Nap’” should be remembered for cardiac congestion; hyperemia preceding Peri-carditis of Endo-carditis with fever, mental anxiety, oppression, palpitation, worse walking; stitches, preventing erect posture or deep inspiration.
Angina pectoris, with intense pain down left arm, with numbness and tingling in fingers. Uncomplicated hypertrophy. Fear he will drop dead in the street.
Dr Alook Pareek of Agra, India suggest “Apis” for cardiac inflammation and dropsy, hydro-thorax; unable to lie down; as if could not draw another breath; feeling as though going to die with sudden stinging pains, dysponea and restlessness.
Dr Mehmet Kocabas of Saudi Arabia recommended “ Arg Nit for constant cardiac anxiety, violent palpitation and throbbing through the whole body from slightest emotion, worse in horizontal position, better when walking fast.
Ac Nik Fairuz suggest “ Cimicifuga’ for angina pectoris, maltral valve blockage with pain radiate all over the chest, numbness of let arm. Beside that he uses integrated medicine with 3 ‘Acupuncture Points’ such as ‘Pericardium P6, Heart 4, Lung 7’ which give very good and prompt result.
Bahasa Melayu: Ubat-ubat Homeopati amat sesuai dalam merawat kes-kes jantung. Antara remedi yang sesuai digunakan ialah: Aconite Nap., Spigelia, Digitalis, Arnica Montana ( bagus untuk jantung belubang), Gold Drop ( bagus untuk tonik jantung), Aurum metallicum ( lemah jantung), Nat Mur ( anti kolestrol) dan lain mengikut simptomatologi.Further reading
Dalam kes-kes tertentu , umpamanya yang serius, walupun makan ubat homeopati, ubat-ubat kerajaan jangan ditinggalkan.
http://faridah.xaper.com
Message From Minister of Health Malaysia 2009
Welcoming Message
by
The Minister of Health Malaysia
For
18 th International Conferenceon Homeopathy & Complementary Medicine
Malaysia 4 - 5 th October 2009.
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