Saturday, September 12, 2009

Message from Secretary General of Asian Homeopathic Medica League



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4 - 5 October 2009
at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

From The Desk of
Dr A K Seth
Secretary General
Asian Homeopathic Medical League

On behalf of Asian Homeopathic Medical League, I would like to thanks our Malaysian Homeopaths especially to Dr Nik Omar and his team who has organized this 18th AHML Conference at Malaysia.

Also I would like to thanks the Government of Malaysia who have objectively estimated the presence of homeopathy in this country.

I also wholeheartedly welcome all foreign and local delegates, homeopaths of the world who have come to contribute to this great event at Malaysia and certify to their belonging to this professional community.

I wish the Conference a Great success.


Dr A K Seth
Secretary General, AHML

New Delhi 15 August 2009

Welcome Message From NVP International Homeopathic Medical League - LMHI

























Welcome to Malaysia
18th International Conference On Homeopathy & Complementary Medicine

from 4 - 5 th oct 2009

at Genting Highland, Malaysia

Welcome to all foreign & local delegates to Malaysia

Selamat Datang


http://charitymedic.tripod.com

Papers On Homeopathic Potencies To be Presented at 18th International Conference On Homeopathy at Kuala Lumpur 4-5 Oct 2009

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Reconstruction of water molecules in homeopathic potencies and their effect on protein molecules

To be Presented at 18th International Conference
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 4 -5 oct 2009


Anirban Sukul1, Nirmal C Sukul2 and Soma Sukul3

1Dept of Pharmacy, NCC Homeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Howrah and Sukul Institute of Homeopathic Research, Kolkata, India
2Dept of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
3Dept of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
Email: anirban@sukulhomeopathy.com
www.sukulhomeopathy.com

Abstract Paper


One major weakness in homeopathic therapeutics is the use of potentized drugs
. Once a centesimal potency reaches level 12, its original drug molecules are not present. This is because the dilution has crossed the Avogadro’s number. Homeopathic potencies are prepared in aqueous ethanol. When the drug molecules are removed through successive dilution, a potency of that drug would contain only the diluent medium, i.e. water and ethanol.

The medium also retains the memory of the specific potency of that drug. Using UV-VIS spectrophotometer, NMR spectrometer and FTIR spectrometer show the significant difference in spectral pattern, position of peak and intensity of absorbance of potentized drugs from those of their mother tinctures and their diluent medium.

In animal experimentation drugs are administered through the oral route. In experiments with plants, germinating seeds potentized drugs are applied by foliar spray. So the medicines first come in contact with the cell membrane. Water is treated as a continuous liquid in and around cells. Homeopathic potencies first interact with water covering integral membrane proteins on cell surfaces.

Under diseased condition the structure of water and conformation of integral membrane proteins on cell surfaces changes. A right homeopathic potency would reorganize the morbid structural geometry of water to its native form thereby initiating a cascade of biochemical reactions inside cells. These reactions ultimately result in restoration of health.

Papers On ArthritisTo be Presented at 18th International Conference On Homeopathy at Kuala Lumpur 4-5 Oct 2009

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Role of psycho – social causation and subsequent abnormal traits, and also normal traits for the treatment of various types of Arthritis in Homoeopathy.Dr. Sudhansu Sekhar Moharana M.D.(Hom), M.A., M.F. HOM (Malaysia)
Professor & Head, P. G. Dept. of Repertory,
Dr. B. D. Jatti Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital,
P.G. & Research Centre, Dharwad – 580 001, Karnataka State, INDIA.

Abstract

Psycho – social causation and subsequent abnormal traits is well known causation of psychosomatic ailment such as hypertension, duodenal ulcer, skin disorders, but very few people suffer arthritis. Moreover, normal traits sometimes predispose for arthritis. In this paper six critical arthritis cases e.g., three rheumatoid arthritis cases with defomity, one case of avascular necrosis and one case of gout and one case of post – streptococcal arthritis was cured when medicine selected and differentiated by repertorisation considering all these psycho – social causations, abnormal and normal traits. These cases were referred from allopathic orthopedician and had no relief and got cured by homoeopathic treatment by considering cause, normal and abnormal trait rubrics along with the pathological general, physical generals and other sign and symptoms rubrics by repertorisation. The statistical analysis is done and is as follows:
Medicine Control Group Experimental Group Total
Same as Before 6 (After allopathic treatment) 0 (After Homoeo. Treatment) 6
Cured 0 (After allopathic treatment) 6 (After Homoeo. Treatment) 6
Total 6 6 12
12(6 × 6 – 0 × 0)2 ⁄ 6×6×6×6 = 12
At the degree of freedom 1, at 1% significance level upper tailed value is 6.63, both tailed value is 7.88 and our value is 12. So the test is statistically highly significant.
Introduction
PERSONALITY is the unique dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine the unique adjustment to his environment stated by G.W.Allport. Thus two identical twins even differ in their behavior with certain unique characteristics in relation to response pattern to both physical as well as psychosocial environment. The sum of these mental and physical differential characteristics from others by external and internal environments are used in psychology for behavioral therapy and for development of interpersonal relationship whereas in homoeopathy the process is known as Individualization used for selection of remedy as well as for counseling. Thus we take the trait approach where “a trait is any distinguishable, relatively enduring way in which one individual differs from another” as stated by Guliford.

Determination of Traits : A trait is determined by unique response to a specific stimuli. For example,

Stimuli Trait Responses
1.Meeting friends
2.Meeting with stangers
3.Dealing with poor and disabled children. Friendliness 1.Helpful
2.Pleasant
3.Warm and interested.
“According to R.B. Cattell, traits are relatively permanent and broad reaction tendencies and serve as the building blocks of personality. He distinguishes between constitutional and environmental mold traits; ability, temperament, and dynamic traits; and surface and source traits.”

The Traits are further subdevided into ability temperament and dynamic traits.
Ability trait refers to person’s skill in dealing with the complexity of a given situation. Thus Intelligent is the ability test by R. B. Cattell.
Temperament traits refers to stylish tendencies – being for example, chronic irritable, moody, easygoing, or bold.

Dynamic traits refers to person’s motivation and interests. An individual may be characterized, for example, as ambitious, power-seeking, or sports oriented.
Unique traits: Unique traits are those specific to one person; for example, Bill is the only person with an interest in collecting 1898 census records for the cities of Baltimore and Los angeles. Virtually all of cattell’s work focuses on common traits, but his incorporation of the Unique – trait concept enables him to emphasize the fact that personalities are unique.

Surface versus Source traits : “The distinction between surface and source traits is perhaps the most important one. Cattell makes.
Surface traits : “simply a collection of trait elements, of greater or lesser width of representation which obviously ‘go together’ in many different individual’s and circumstances”.

A source trait : It is the underlying factor that controls the variation in the surface cluster.”

The major Source traits in 16 Personality Factors:
Low Scored Description Factor Factor High Score Description
Reserved (schizothymia) A- A+ Outgoing (affectiothymia)
Less Intelligent (low”8”) B- B+ More intelligent (high “8”)
Emotional (low ego strength) C- C+ Stable (ego strength)
Humble (submissiveness) E- E+ Assertive (dominance)
Sober (desurgency) F- F+ Happy – go – lucky
Expedient (low superego) G- G+ Conscientious (high superego)
Shy (threctia) H- H+ Venturesome (parmia)
Tough-minded (harria) I- I+ Tender-minded (premsia)
Trusting (alaxia) L- L+ Suspicious (pretension)
Practical (paraxernia) M- M+ Imaginative (autia)

Forthright (artlessness) N- N+ Shrewd (shrewdness)
Placid (assurance) O- O+ Apprehensive (guilt-proneness)
Conservative (conservatism) Q1- Q1+ Experimenting (radicalism)
Group tied (group adherence) Q2¬- Q2+ Self-sufficiency(self-sufficiency)
Casual (low integration) Q3- Q3+ Controlled (high self-concept)

Relaxed (low ergic tension) Q4- Q4+ Tense (Ergic tension)
Newly Discovered Source Traits: In addition to 16 Personality Factors measured by his personality test, Cattell has proposed, based upon extensive subsequent research, seven new factors:

1.Excitability : a factor found in children, increases until early adolescence, and then decreases through adulthood. Cattell stresses that this factor is not to be confused with emotionality and instability. Rather it is a cognitive excitability – a restlessness in which people become hyperactive (Cattell and Kline, 1977, p.113).
2.Zepia versus Coasthenia : People with high scores on Zepia are zestful, enjoying attention, and group action ; Coasthenics lack energy and are reflective and restrained in their behavior.

3.Boorishness versus Mature Socialization : People high on boorishness are ignorant of social requirement, awkward, and unconcerned about others; people characterized by mature socialization are self disciplined, polish and alert to their social responsibility. (Cattell, 1979, pp.66-67).
4.Sanguine Casual individuals are unambitious, self assured, modest and casual. High scores in group dedication with sense of inadequacy are devoted to groups but thinks that others do not see them as successful.
5.Social Panche : People high in social panche feel persecuted by society, whereas explicit self-expression people like drama and the heady discourse of avant grade ideas (Cattell and Kline, 1977, p.119).

Abnormal Traits: Although the source traits utilized in the 16 Personality Factor book can distinguish between normals and neurotics, they do not measure all aspects of deviant behavior and do not asses the characteristic of psychotics. Applying factor analysis to surface traits in the normal and abnormal personality spheres, Cattell has derived 12 new factors that measures psychopathology. These are:
Major abnormal source traits of Cattell asscessed by Clinical Analysis Questionaire:
Fac Normal Source Traits Abnormal Source Traits
D1 Low hypochondriasis: is happy, mind works well, does not find ill health frightening. High hypochondriasis: Shows overconcern with bodily functions, health or disabilities.

D2 Zestfulness: is contented about life and surroundings, has no death wishes. Suicidal disgust: is disgusted with life, harbors thoughts or acts of self destruction.
D3 Low brooding discontent: avoids dangerous and adventurous undertakings, has little need for excitement. High brooding discontent: seeks excitement, is restless, takes risk, tries new things.
D4 Low anxious depression: is claim in emergency, confident about surroundings, poised. High anxious depression: has disturbing dreams, is clumsy in handling things, tense, easily upset.

D5 High energy euphoria: shows enthusiasm for work, is energetic, sleeps soundly. Low energy euphoria : Has feeling of weariness, worries, lacks energy to cope.
D6 Low guilt and resentment: is not troubled by guilty feelings, can sleep no matter what is left undone. High guilt and resentment: Has feeling of guilty, blames self for everything that goes wrong, is critical of self.

D7 Low bored depression : is relaxed, considerate, cheerful with people. High bored depression : Avoids contact and involvement with people, seeks isolation, shows discomfort with people.
Pa Low paranoia: is trusting, not bothered by jealousy and envy. High paranoia: Believes he or she is being persecuted, poisoned, controlled, spied on, mistreated.

Pp Low psychopathic deviation: Avoids engagements in illegal acts, or breaking rules, sensitive. High psychopathic deviation: Has complacement attitude towards own or others’ antisocial behaviour, is not hurt by criticism, likes crowd.
Sc Low Schizophrenia : Makes realistic appraisals of self and others, shows emotional harmony, and absence of regressive behaviour. High Schizophrenia : Hear voices and sounds without apparent source outside self , retreats from reality, has uncontrolled and sudden impulses.

As Low Psychoasthenia: is not bothered by unwelcome thoughts, or ideas, or compulsive habits. High Psychoasthenia : Suffers insistent , repetitive ideas, and impulses to perform certain acts.
Ps Low general psychosis: Consider self as good, as dependable, and as smart as most others. High general psychosis: Has feeling of inferiority and unworthiness, timid, loses control easily.

Utility of mental causation and abnormal or normal traits in treatment:
Case No. 1 Anxiety Ailments: A case of avascular necrosis of head of both the femur
Mr. J.P. aged 28 years, had allergic bronchial asthma with avascular necrosis of head of the femur of both the legs. He had severe mental agony with wife resulted in divorce.

Present Complaints : He had pain in hip, limping & was unable to sit in squating position complained on 21st August 2004.Severe pain in hip, aggravated by movements.
He had pain in hip, limping & was unable to sit in squating position.Cough and hip pain is aggravated by cold. Oedema of the synovial membrane. All the problems were aggravated by alcohol to which he was used to especially after matrimonial anxiety. Patient had undergone allopathic treatment and core drilling by allopathic orthopedicians without any relief.

The X-Ray : Patchy sclerotic / lytic areas are seen involving the right femoral head.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging was done on 25th July 2004.Findings:
• Hypointense crescent is seen within the right femoral head. Marrow within appears hypointense on both T1 and T2 weighted images. Some marginal irregularity is seen. Superior and anterior quadrants are involved.
• Articular cartilages are intact.
• Synovial effusion is seen.

• Hypointense crescent is seen within the left femoral head.

GRADE II AVSCULAR NECROSIS SEEN IN RIGHT FEMORAL HEAD.
GRADE I AVSCULAR NECROSIS SEEN IN LEFT FEMORAL HEAD.


Medicine Anxiety
Ailment Alcohol.
(ailment) Ex,caries
Bones Inflam.
Bones. Motion
Aggrav. Pains
Bones. Results
Ars.alb. 3 1 2 1 2 1 10/6
Asafoet. 1 2 3 2 2 3 13/6
Aur.met. 3 2 1 1 2 2 11/6
Bellad. 3 2 0 2 3 1 11/5
Phos. 3 2 2 2 2 2 13/6
Ph.acid 2 1 2 3 1 3 12/6
Silicea 2 2 3 3 3 2 15/6
Sulphur 3 2 2 2 3 2 14/6
Post – Repertorial Result Analysis :
The high valued chilly remedies are Ph-ac-12/6, Asaf-13/6(both 3rd grade heat and chilly remedy), Phos-13/6, Sil.-15/6.
Silicea may not be indicated here as silicea causes inflammation for removal of necrosed / dead tissues. So silicea is contraindicated where inflammation in vital parts not required although in this case scores highest value i.e., 15/6.
1st Prescription : On 21st August 2004, patient was given Asafoetida 30, 4 globules every 6 hourly in water doses. Justicea adhatoda Mother Tincture 15 drops every 6 hourly with water if patient gets bronchial asthma s.o.s. in spite of asafetida action.

After seven days on 28th August 2004, patient reported that he is well of both bronchial asthma and severe pain in both limbs. He was discontinued to take Justicea adhatoda Mother tincture and kept in Asafetida 30, twice a day in water doses as patient’s bronchial asthma may be precipitated in high potency.
After 15 days, on 14th September 2004, patient reported that his pain is reduced but pain in deep pressure and was limping still. He begged permission to go to Dubai to attend the duty at his regular job. Asafoetida 30, twice daily was continued in water doses and permitted to join his job at Dubai.

After one year, patient came from Dubai, he was asymptomatic of pain, tenderness and limping. The MRI was done on 6th day of September 2005 of both hip joints and the MRI finding report is as follows:
Findings:

• Hypointense crescent is seen within the right femoral head. Marrow within appears hypointense on both T1 and T2 weighted images. Minimal marginal irregularity is seen. Superior and anterior quadrants are involved.

• Articular cartilages are intact.
• No synovial effusion is seen.
• Hypointense crescent is seen within the left femoral head.
• Artocular margins are intact. Acetabuli appear normal.
• Post operative changes are seen within both femoral heads. So, here we only find the Minimal marginal irregularity and diminution of synovial effusion only although pain is totally decreased. He is advised to continue Asafoetida 200, once daily in water doses for another two years as there was no asthmatic episode. Meanwhile he is again married and leading a happy wedded life.

Case No. 2. Anxiety Ailment causing high Bored Depression (D7 of R. B. Cattell’s abnormal trait): Here was a case of E.R.R. aged 30 years suffering from Rheumatoid arthritis due to severe mental tension for her drunkard husband’s torture. She was thin, sad, and in apathy. She had taken Nimusilid tablets for one year by allopathic doctors but without any remarkable effect. When she came to me on 23rd March 2004 she had amenorrhoea since three months. She was anaemic, soreness all over body, schwan neck deformity of mid phallengeal joint of right hand’s ring finger. She had soreness in back. All the joints of hands was affected along with knee joints and ankle joints. There was morning stiffness more than one hours and aggravated exertion, and cold and amelioration by rest and warmth. Patient was extremely chilly. She had piles previously. The above complaints started eight years back slowely when her husband started drinking wine and tortured her. She had no significant past history, only burning sole in her childhood. Her appetite was less, thirst was more. She had sweat more in palm and head during summer.

Lab. investigations: Haemoglobulin – 9.6 gm%, ESR – 58 mm at 1st hour by westerngreen method, R.A. factor was positive, Uric acid was 6mg%, in D. L. C. – Neutrophills – 68%, Lymphocytes – 30%, Eosinophils – 2%.
Med Depress-
ion Apathetic
Uric acid diathesis Arthritis Anaemia Ameno-
rrhoea Haemo-
rrhoids Sore
Fingers
Joints Cold
Temp.
Agg. Motion
General
Agg. Total
Bry 2 1 0 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 17/9
Kali-c 2 2 0 3 2 3 3 0 3 0 18/7
Nat-m 3 3 0 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 20/9
Puls 3 3 0 2 3 3 3 0 2 1 20/8
Rhus-t 3 1 0 3 2 2 2 0 3 0 16/7
Sep 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 23/10
Sulph. 3 2 0 2 3 3 3 1 2 3 22/9

So here we find great value in Sepia which has high bored depression. Thus Sepia 10m one dose was given followed by placebos. After one month she had mense and her schwan neck deformity and sore pain in all joints was reduced. Sepia 10m was repeated after 3 months. On 14th September 2004 her Haemoglobin had increased to 11.2 gm%, ESR was 52 mm at the end of 1st hour, Serum uric acid 5.4 mg%, and RA factor was weakly positive i.e. 1 : 4 .Patient was now totally symptom free but still time is required to get all pathological report negative.

Case 3 Where suspicious trait (L+ of R.B. Cattell’s trait normal trait) predominates.
Miss A.K.M. 58 years Hindu Female, Retd. School Head Mistress complained on 27th September 2009: Pain and swelling in all joints since 10 years. Taken allopathic medicines Swan neck deformity of all the fingers of the hands. All complaints are aggravated in cold and in night. Can not sit in squating position comfortably. Pain in shoulder and small back. Desire open air.

Appetite less, Indigestion and flatulence, Desire salt, sweets and spicy, Aversion : Grams.

Thirst: 3 lters of water / day, Tongue: Coated and moist.
Stool: Not clear, 2 – 3 times / day.
Urine: Normal, Sweat: More in neck and arm pit. Palm sweating.
Mental Generals: She was highly suspicious of boys, did not married in fear of not to be taken care. Built: Thin and tall.
Menarchy: 14 years. Regular and normal flow. Menopause: 45 years.
She had taken all allopathic treatment without any remission of pain and deformity of hand occurred later.

Repertorisation by Complete Repertory by taking Suspicious trait & Fear to men.
Med Suspicious Fear
Men of Night Cold Anemia Ex.Pain Rhe. Joint Open air
Amelior. Flatulence, food after Mense,
delayed Total
Puls 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 0 4 30/8
Lyc 4 0 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 29/8
Caus 4 0 4 4 3 4 4 0 4 27/7
Sulp 4 0 4 4 4 3 4 0 3 26/7
Bry 4 0 4 4 4 4 4 0 1 25/7
Sep 3 1 4 4 4 1 4 0 3 24/8
C-p. 3 0 4 4 4 4 1 0 3 23/7
Pho 3 0 4 4 4 3 4 0 1 23/7
R-t 4 0 4 4 3 4 4 0 0 23/7

Follow up:
1. On 3rd December 2008, there was no pain in fingers, swan neck deformity is reduced 90%.Pain of shoulder and back reduced 80%.
2. On 9th February 2009, pain in finger joints, shoulder and back no more but can not sit in squating position for prolong period. On 9th February 2009, the Haemoglobin increased from 9 gms% to 10.2 gms%, ESR reduced to 16 mm in 1st hour by westerngreen method.

Case 4. Where tenseful (Q4+ normal trait of R.B. Cattell), and weeping disposition predominate.
Mrs. P.V.J, 39 years old, Hindu Female, Dharwad on 16th March 2007, Pain both leg, hands and in all the joints of fingers especially mid-interphallengeal joints since 3 months. Pain is aggravated by cold, ameliorated by warm application. Morning stiffness. Burning of sole, can not bend the leg fingers. Weak, and anaemic, weeping disposition, fearful, tense about her disease. Undergone allopathic treatment but no relief. Case was referred by orthopedician after allopathic treatment by Dr. Parag Melvanki.

Repertorisation by Complete Repertory
Medicine Fear disease of Weeping, tearful
mood Morning agg.


5 – 9. Pain rheum-atic Anaemia Total
Cal-c 4 4 4 4 4 20/5
Kali-c 4 4 4 4 4 20/5
Phos 4 4 4 4 4 20/5
Puls 3 4 4 4 4 19/5
Nux-vom 3 4 4 4 4 19/5
Ars-alb 3 4 4 4 4 19/5
Sep. 3 4 4 4 4 19/5

After treatment with individual medicine by fear complexity, weeping disposition.
1. Fear of disease consequence, future.
2. Weeps much.
3. Morning aggravation.
4. Aggravation from cold.
5. Rheumatic pain in joints and muscles.
6. Anaemia



Case No. 5 A case of High intelligent Trait (B+) of R.B. Cattell).
Mr. G. S. S., age 35 years ,Hindu Male., Address - Dharwad. Present Complaints on 20th September 2004: 1. Low backache since 10 years, pain comes gradually and goes gradually, aggravated by exertion, standing, lying in bed, ameliorated by motion. 2. Pain in great toes of left leg since 6 months, sudden onset, severe pain and tenderness with swelling, aggravated by walking, and pressure, ameliorated by rest. 3. Indigestion since childhood, aggravated by fried foods. Mental: Most active and intelligent person, scored 95% in Chemistry, did project on Ozone layer. Case had taken earlier modern treatment.

Repertorisation by Boger’s Repertory

Medicine Uric acid diathesis Active, busy, inclined to work, thoughts Desire, sweets Thirst Total value/ Total no. of rubrics
Colch. 2 0 0 4 6/2
Colo 2 0 0 2 4/2
Led. 2 0 0 2 4/2
Lyc. 3 4 5 2 14/4
Sang. 2 0 0 0 2/1
Sars. 2 2 0 2 6/3
Sep. 3 3 2 4 12/4
Sul. 2 2 3 5 12/4
Terb 3 0 0 0 3/1
Post – reportorial analysis: By Materia Medica Knowledge we find that
Sepia is eliminated as patient is hot, and Sepia is a chilly remedy.
Lycopodium has the negative general of Hot patient likes warm foods, where as Sulphur has negative general hot patient but aversion to bathing. So the choice of remedy is Lycopodium as it is hot patient and likes warm food and Lycopodium covers the particular symptoms by differentiation.

Follow up:
6th October 2004: Backache has decreased to 50%. Pain and swelling in great toe as before. Indigestion is as before, Gastro-colic reflex is as before.
Medicine Prescribed: Lycopodium 0/1, daily.
11th October 2004: Pain of back has decreased further 10% < bending. Pain in left leg’s great toe persists. No indigestion problem.

Medicine Prescribed: Lycopodium 0/1, daily.
3rd November 2004: Pain in back decreased 80%. Pain in left toe only on pressure. Swelling and tenderness has decreased 70%.
Medicine Prescribed: Lycopodium 0/1, daily.
8th November 2004: Pain in back is decreased to 90%, No pain at all in great toe of left leg. Swelling has decreased to 90%. Uric acid level – 5.4mg/dl, ESR-10mm/1st hour.

Case No. 6, A case of Tender – minded trait of R. B. Cattell .
R. M., 16 years old, Hindu Male, Occupation – Student, Residence – Dharwad.
Present complaints on 26th May 2004:
Pain and swelling in all joints, shifting pain since 2 months, aggravated by movements
History of present complaints: Patient was apparently well before 2 months. To start with he first developed fever with joint pain. He was under allopathic antibiotics. Fever subsided but joint pains and swelling remained. The details of the present complaints are:

Family history: Maternal uncle suffers from lumber spondylosis and arthritis.
Personal history: Built – Thin and tall, Weight-40 k.g., Height-5ft. 8inches
Appetite – Does not feel hungry at all.
Thirst – Little water at a time, Tongue moist and clean.
Reaction to Heat and cold: Aggravated from cold
Likes open air.

Baths in warm water
Mental generals: Simple, innocent, very mild.
General Physical Examination: No anaemia, No jundice, No cyanosis, No clubbing.
Pulse rate – 83/minute, regular, low tension, no atherosclerosis. B.P.- 90/64 mmHg.
Systemic examination: C.V.S. – Apex beat at normal position. S1 & S2 are normal, no 3rd and 4th heart sounds, no murmurs.
Respiratory System – Respiration rate – 20/minute, vesicular breathing, no added sounds.

Locomotor system – Wrist and ankle and knee joints are enormously swollen, extremely tender to touch and restricted movements of joints.
Investigations done on 29th May 2004: Haemoglobin – 6.9gram%, ESR – 80mm at the 1st hour. ASLO titre – Positive (1:16), CRP – Positive ( 1:32).
Nosological Diagnosis – Post Streptococcal arthritis.
Miasmatic Diagnosis : Sycotic miasmatic state.
The case had taken earlier allopathic treatment.



REPERTORISATION by Kent’s Repertory.
Med. Air op
desire Cold
Ge.ag. Thirst
small App.
Want. Anem.
Hb6.9 Pain
Rheu. Pain
Wand. Total
Value
Bry. 2 2 0 2 2 3 1 12/6
Puls. 3 2 1 3 3 3 3 18/7
Rh-t 1 3 1 3 2 3 0 13/6
Sul. 3 2 2 3 3 3 1 17/7
Cross – repertorised by Boger’s Repertory
Med. Anemia Rhe.
Pain Cold
agg War
Air ag. Wand
Pain Thirst
Liitle App.
Want of Total
Pul 5 4 5 5 5 ------ 5 29/7
Bry 5 4 5 3 2 ------ 5 24/6
N.V 5 5 5 2 ----- ------ 5 22/5
Sul 5 ------ 4 4 3 ------ 5 21/5
R.T 4 4 5 2 ------ ------ 4 19/5
PDF: Mildness
Post – Repertorial Result Analysis: Pulsatilla comes as the highest valued remedy in both Kent and Boger’s Repertory repertorisation. Pulsatilla is mild3(Hering Guiding Symptoms : II MILD, GENTLE), anaemic3, both pulsatilla and sulphur has high value in open air amelioration, characteristic wandering pain is most prominent in pulsatilla. Bryonia alba is not so mild than pulsatilla.

Follow up:
On 15th June 2004, patient had no pain at all. Swelling has reduced to 60%. Pulse rate was 70/minute, regular, normal tension and without atherosclerotic changes. B.P. – 100/80 mmHg. Weight – 41 k.g.

On 14th July 2004, there was no swelling at all, no pain. ESR – 16mm/1st hour, ASLO was weakly positive and CRP was negative. Pulse rate – 74/minute, regular, good tension, without atherosclerosis. B. P. – 110/74 mmHg. Weight increased to 43 k.g.
Conclusion: The mental causation and traits rubrics can be utilized for repertorisation or differentiation keeping at PDF. Thus we can achieve perfect drug selection for total cure.

Bibliography:
1. Ryckman R.M., Theories of Personality, 5th edition, Califernia: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company; 1993, pages – 261, 263, 270, 271.
2. Chauhan S.S., Advanced Educational Psychology; Fifth Edition, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing HousePvt.Ltd.; 1989, page 319, 324.
3. Repertories used: 1. Murphy’s , 2. Complete, 3. Kent’s, 4. Boger’s Repertories.

From:
Dr. S. S. Moharana
Professor and Head.
Post – Graduate Dept. of Repertory, and Rheumatology Unit,
Dr. B. D. Jatti Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Post-Graduate and Research Centre, Dharwad – 580 001, Karnataka State, INDIA.

To,
The Chairman,
Scientific Committee,
AHML’S INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE,

Sub: Submission of Paper for Presentation in Malaysia regarding.

Respected Sir,
I am the life member of AHML having the membership no. L – 105. I am herewith sending a unique paper “Role of psycho – social causation and subsequent abnormal traits; and normal traits for the treatment of various types of Arthritis in Homoeopathy”. Please accept it to publish whole extent as it is one of the unique in kind and having the practical approach of arthritis treatment to publish in your souvenir and send the acceptance letter soon for oral presentation at your official pad stating time, and date of presentation to enable me for sanctioning some of the Govt./private fund to visit Malaysia, and for grant of official leave and visa to Malaysia as my office is of Central Govt. Organisation.
Please do it soon sending first by E-Mail, followed by same by post and let me meet you all once again for the sake of Homoeopathy.
All the best for your faculty of Homoeopathy and Service to Mankind.
May God help you to have the AHML conference a Grand Success.

Thanking You,
With regards. Your’s truly
E-Mail: ssmoharana62@yahoo.co.in Dr. S.S.Moharana
Dr.moharana@rediffmail.com (Life – Member to AHML no. L – 105, INDIA)

Papers On Thyroid To be Presented at 18th International Conference On Homeopathy at Kuala Lumpur 4-5 Oct 2009

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Function of thyroid gland and ovaries are interrelated .
By Dr Purnima Shukla, India.


Presented at 18th AHML & 8th International Conference on Homeopathy
& Compleentary Medicine 4-5th Oct 2009 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.


Abnormalities in thyroid function can alter the ovarian function resulting in menstrual disturbances and infertility .

With these considerations present study has

been conducted on 45 cases of infertility at “Purte Priya Memorial” Sri Ram

Medical & Research Centre, Gorakhpur (U.P.) . Out of which 40 were of

primary infertility and 5 cases of secondary infertility . All the cases were

within their reproductive age group with maximum cases in 21-25 years of

age group .

In 40 cases of primary infertility 19 cases (47.5%) had euthyroid level

and 9 cases (22.5%)had high levels and 12 cases (30%) had lower levels .

Out 5 secondary infertility cases 40% had euthyroid levels and 20% had

high levels and 40% had lower levels .

On studying the pattern of menstrual flow in relation to thyroid levels.

It was noticed that majority of cases with high levels of T3, T4 were having

regular menses with scanty flow / amenorrhoea (70%) . Cases with low

levels of T3,T4 has menorrhagia (50%) metrorrhagia (14.282%) where as

euthyroid cases have regular menses with average flow .

Premenstrual endometrial biopsy study in relation to thyroid

hormones it was observed that out of 10 Hyperthyroid cases . 1 case (10%)

had proliferative phase 2 cases had atrophic endometrium where as in14

hypothyroid cases 10 cases were of proliferative phase .1case of atrophic

endometrium meaning thereby a higher incidence of anovulatory cycles in

thyroid disorders .

Medicines were selected on the basis of symptom - similarity with

important drugs such as Thyroidinum, Spongia tosta., Nat. Muir, Calc.

iodide & Fucus ect . All the cases were followed at regular interval . Relief

in 5 cases of menorrhagia were observed in subsequent cycles .Where as in

metrorrhagia (7cases) in 3rd cycle after treatment . In 3 cases of secondry

amenorrhoea therapeutic response was observed in 1 case only .

Out of 12 cases of primary infertility with hypothyroidism . 4 cases

conceived after 6-9 months of therapy and 3 cases after 12-15 months . In

remaining 5 cases 2 cases still under treatment and in 3 cases further follow

up was not possible as they did n’t turn up . Out of 9 cases of primary

infertility with hypothyroidism . 5 cases conceived in 18-42 months of

treatment . 4 cases are still continuing the treatment .

In 5 cases of secondary infertility 2 cases with hypothyroid 1 case with

hypothyroid levels responded to treatment after 12-18 months . In remaining

2 cases with normal thyroid levels and non responsive to treatment other test

were advised to rule out genital tract tuberculosis anti sperm antibody titre

and endometrial glycogen content etc. and means which tuberculinum and

relevant medicines are given in hope to get response .

Key words :- Euthyroid, Hypothyroid, Hyperthyroid, T3, T4, TSH .

Diabetes Type 11 Presented at 18th International Conference on Homeopathy at Kuala Lumpur on 4 -5 oct 2009

***

EFFECT OF HOMOEOPATHIC MOTHER TINCTURES
AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM & MURRAYA KOENIGII
ON
DIABETES TYPE II



By
DR. MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR QURESHI, Pakistan


ABSTRACT


 Homoeopathic mother tinctures of Amygdalus Persica Folium & Murraya Koenigii were used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II.
 In the present studies; fifteen patients were selected for Amygdalus Persica Folium & sixteen patients were treated with Murraya Koenigii

 The medicines were given for thirty days and blood sugar levels at fasting and random was estimated for the first, tenth and thirtieth day in order to observe the effect of this mother tincture.

 The treatment showed a significant decrease in the blood sugar level.



INTRODUCTION


 Diabetes means excessive urination. It is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and relative insulin deficiency, resistance or both. It affects more than 120 million people worldwide and it is estimated that it will affect 220 million people by the year 2020

 Diabetes may be primary or secondary. Primary diabetes has two main forms namely INSULIN DEPENDANT (IDDM) and NON INSULIN DEPENDANT (NIDDM) which are also referred as Type I and Type II diabetes respectively.

 Type II diabetes mellitus is among the most common disorders in the developed and developing countries.

 The diabetes mellitus patient requires good dietary knowledge and this diet management treatment should be tried first. If the diet management is of little benefit, then medicinal treatment is followed up.

 In Allopathic treatment there are three groups of antihyperglycemic agents available i.e. Sulphonyl ureas, Bigunides and α - glycoside inhibitors

 Apart from the use of traditional drugs in Type II diabetes mellitus, there is a large size of population which opts for non traditional treatment with homoeopathic treatment in particular. In homoeopathy following medicines are usually prescribed
 Cephalandra Indica
 Gymnema Sylvestre
 Syzygium Jambolanum
 Uranium Nitricum
 Natrum Muriaticum
 Acid Acetic
 Acid Phosphoric
 Bovista
 Calcarea Carbonica
 Lycopodium Clavatum
 Phosphorus
 Plumbum Metallicum
 Sulphur
 Natrum Sulph etc.




METHODS

 Fasting and random blood samples of all the patients were taken before starting the homoeopathic treatment. The sugar content in the blood was measured by enzymatic chlori method which is based on Trinder Reaction.
The mother tinctures Amygdalus Persica & Murraya Koenigii were obtained from
Dr Masood’s Homoeopathic Stores and Hospital, Lahore.



Prevalence of Diabetes in Different Regional and Religious South Asian Communities in Coventry (UK)

In this study, 4395 resident Asians out of which 94% were represented by five communities namely:
 Punjabi Sikhs
 Punjabi Hindus
 Gujarati Muslims
 Gujarati Hindus
 Pakistani Muslims
Gujarati Muslims had the highest prevalence of Diabetes type II. (Males: 160 out of 1000 & females 204 out of 1000).

In males


Punjabi Sikhs 89 out of 1000
Pakistani Muslims 91 out of 1000
Gujarati Hindus 84 out of 1000
Punjabi Hindus 113 out of 1000




In Females


Punjabi Sikhs 75 out of 1000
Pakistani Muslims 103 out of 1000
Gujarati Hindus 88 out of 1000
Punjabi Hindus 116 out of 1000
This study shows the high prevalence of Diabetes Type II among Asian Community meaning that
1 in 10 persons are suffering from this disease. (8)





AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM

 Amygdalus persica is an old folk medicine used for the treatment of vomiting, laxative and also to expel worms (4)

 Hesperetin flavonoid found in Amygdalus Persica is an antibacterial, antiviral agent which also induces RNA in rat liver nuclei (5)

 The leaves bark and kernels have medicinal virtue. Both the leaves and the bark are still employed for their curative powers. They have demulcent, sedative, diuretic and expectorant action (6).

 The fresh leaves were stated by the older herbalists to possess the power of expelling worms if applied outwardly to the body as a poultice. An infusion of the dried leaves was also recommended for the same purpose (6)

 In Italy, at the present day, there is a popular belief that if fresh peach leaves are applied to the wart and then buried, the wart will fall off by the time the buried leaves have decayed. (6)

 However the mechanism of Amygdalus Persica on the glucose lowering effect is still unclear.


METHODS

 Fifteen patients suffering from diabetes type II were selected for treatment with homoeopathic mother tincture of Amygdalus Persica Folium. The age of the patients varied from 40 to 75 years and all belonged to Lahore City. The symptoms, signs, ages and sex of the patient are listed in Table 1.


DOSAGE

 30 – 40 drops of Amygdalus Persica mother tincture three to four times a day


# Sex Age
(years) Symptoms Sign Medication Family History Observations
Blood Serum Glucose mg/dl
1st Day 10th Day 30th Day Difference
1st & 10th Day Difference
10th & 30th Day
1 Male 77 Diabetic for last 27 years. H/o Polyuria, weakness and weight loss with diminished eyesight Pulse= 85/min.
BP=140/90 mmHg
Weight = 60kg Daonil 1 + 1

Glucophage
1+1+1 Positive BSF 220

BSR 463 BSF 180

BSR 280 BSF 135

BSR 220 BSF 40

BSR 183 BSF 45

BSR 60
2 Male 60 Diabetic for last 7 years. Patient of chronic liver disease. H/o weight loss and lethargy Pulse= 70/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=62 kg Positive BSF 190

BSR 300 BSF 95

BSR 170 BSF 90

BSR 150 BSF 95

BSR 130
BSF 5

BSR 20
3 Male 71 Diabetic for last 10 years H/o polyuria, nocturia, polyphagia and polydepsia Pulse= 90/min
BP=140/95 mmHg
Weight=70 kg Positive BSF 196

BSR 236
BSF 150

BSR 195 BSF 132

BSR 185 BSF 46

BSR 41 BSF 18

BSR 10
4 Male 45 Diabetic for last 10 years. Polyuria, polydepsia
Weakness, lethargy with numbness of feet. Pulse= 60/min
BP=130/90 mmHg
Weight=75 kg Positive BSF 180

BSR 240 BSF 140

BSR 200 BSF 110

BSR 175 BSF 40

BSR 40 BSF 30

BSR25

5 Female 48 Diabetic since last 8 years. H/o weakness and Pulse= 77/min
BP=140/100 mmHg
Weight=55 kg Daonil 1 x OD

Glucophage
1 x BD Positive BSF 175

BSR 226 BSF 140

BSR 205 BSF 110

BSR 188 BSF 35

BSR 21 BSF 30

BSR 17
6 Male 63 Diabetic since last 12 years. H/o nocturia, polyphagia, polydepsia Pulse= 71/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
Weight=67 kg Positive BSF 167

BSR 225 BSF 114

BSR 197 BSF 96

BSR 151 BSF 53

BSR 28 BSF 18

BSR 46

7 Female 55 Diabetic since last 10 years. Complains of generalized weakness with numbness of hands and feet. Pulse= 90/min
BP=150/100 mmHg
Weight=78 kg Negative BSF 176

BSR 245 BSF 140

BSR 210 BSF 125

BSR 187 BSF 36

BSR 35 BSF 15

BSR 23

8 Male 43 Known diabetic for last 5 years. Complains of polyphagia with gradual weight loss Pulse= 63/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=42 kg Positive BSF 270

BSR 340
BSF 204

BSR 300 BSF 120

BSR 190 BSF 66

BSR 40 BSF 84

BSR 110
9 Male 78 Diabetic for last 18 years. Complaining of pain in chest, walks with weakness and nocturia Pulse= 85/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
Weight=51 kg
Positive BSF 150

BSR 200 BSF 110

BSR 160 BSF 90

BSR 135 BSF 40

BSR 40 BSF 20

BSR 25
10 Male 40 Diabetic since last 5 years. Polyuria, polydepsia Pulse= 62/min
BP=120/90 mmHg
Weight=60 kg Positive BSF 200

BSR 365
BSF 157

BSR 275 BSF 128

BSR 197 BSF 43

BSR 90 BSF 29

BSR 78
11 Male 50 Known diabetic since last 6 years. Complains of dry mouth, thirst and Pulse= 78/min
BP=155/100 mmHg
Weight=73 kg Positive BSF 170

BSR 250 BSF 148

BSR 215 BSF 119

BSR 184
BSF 22

BSR35 BSF 29

BSR 31
12 Male 42 Diabetic since last 3 months. Complains of polyuria, polydepsia. Weight loss and weakness. Pulse= 70/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=59 kg Positive BSF 215

BSR 378
BSF 168

BSR 260 BSF 134

BSR 188 BSF 47

BSR 118 BSF 34

BSR 72
13 Male 50 H/o weakness and lethargy. Known diabetic since last 5 years Pulse= 88/min
BP=140/90 mmHg
Weight=70 kg Positive BSF 247

BSR 410
BSF 204

BSR 328 BSF 167

BSR 221 BSF 43

BSR 82 BSF 37

BSR 107
14 Male 40 Complains of with burning sensation in feet. Pulse= 78/min
BP=130/85 mmHg
Weight=80 kg Positive BSF 180

BSR 292
BSF 153

BSR 237 BSF 109

BSR 164 BSF 27

BSR 55 BSF 44

BSR 73
15 Male 55 Diabetic since last 15 years. Complains of lethargy and weakness Pulse=90/min.
BP=150/100 mm Hg
Weight = 51 kg Positive BSF 280

BSR 431
BSF 214

BSR 310 BSF 172

BSR 215 BSF 66

BSR 121 BSF 42

BSR 95
BSF: BLOOD SUGAR FASTING ;
BSR: BLOOD SUGAR RANDOM

TYPICAL PICTURE OF AN AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM PATIENT

 Amygdalus Persica Folium patient are usually tall, stout with fair to sallow complexion, having a tendency to lose weight. There is a definite history of mental shock prior to diabetes. These patients are generally carefree, cheerful and least worried about their disease. Patients are emaciated with the complaint of lethargy and weakness with nocturia



RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


 The present study demonstrates that Amygdalus Persica mother tincture prepared according to Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in ethyl alcohol and water attenuates the elevation of serum glucose concentration in patients suffering from diabetes type II. There could be three possible mode of actions of Amygdalus Persica which needs further studies to clearly demonstrate the actual mode of action.
 By enhancing the insulin release from the beta cells from islets of langarhan in pancreas

 Inhibition of glucose absorption from the large intestine or by increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the body at receptor level.

(Author’s Theory)
As already mentioned above the traditional use of Amygdalus Persica is to clear the gastrointestinal tract from the worms (wormicidal). So it could be a possibility that in our part of the world (Sub continent and South East Asia) where there is a high prevalence of intestinal worms, and the worms living in our large gut might be secreting a lot of by products of their own metabolism.
These metabolics can be absorbed from the intestine and hence in the blood where they can act as either insulin antagonists or binding with insulin receptors thereby rendering the insulin ineffective and causing Diabetes Type II.

Amygdalus Persica by causing expulsion of these worms and cleaning the gastrointestinal tract can possibly lead insulin to act in a proper way and this leads to lowering of serum blood glucose levels.



Result

The presence or high prevalence of these worms among Asian population can be a contributing factor to Diabetes Type II.


MURRAYA KOENIGII (CURRY LEAVES)

Chemical Composition

The essential oil of curry leaf contains
0 – 45% sabienene,
0 – 38% alpha-pinene,
1 – 29% beta-caryophylene,
1 – 24% beta-gurjunene.
Both the seeds and the leaves are rich in numerous carbazole alkaloids of unknown toxicity. (6)


MEDICINAL USES

 In Asian cooking, the curry leaf is rarely eaten but is used for giving exotic flavour to dishes

 There is an old Indian saying which compares curry leaf to a “person who is used for a particular aim or task before being discarded”.
 Medicinally, it is used for digestive complaints. (4)

The juice of the root is taken to relive a pain associated with kidney.
The leaves yield an essential oil 0.04%. The paste of the leaves is applied on urticaria. The leaves possess carminative properties. The bark is used externally to treat eruptions and bites of poisonous insects and reptiles (very similar to Gymnema Sylvestre) (5)
Contains alkaloid with anti fungal activity.
The juice of the leaves contains vitamin C and minerals including calcium, phosphorus and iron.

It is used as herbal tonic for digestive disorders. Eating fresh leaves is reputed by some to help prevent the onset of diabetes and to induce weight loss (7)


METHODS


Sixteen patients suffering from diabetes type II were selected for treatment with Homoeopathic mother tincture of Murraya Koenigii. The age of the patients varied from 35 to 75 years and all belonged to Lahore City.
The symptoms, signs, ages and sex of the patient are listed in Table 2.


DOSAGE


20 – 30 drops of Murraya Koenigii mother tincture three to four times a day


CLINICAL PRESENTATION, OBSERVATIONS OF A MURRAYA KOENIGII PATIENT

Murraya Koenigii patient are usually of middle height with shallow to dark complexion with normal weight. There is a definite history of mental shock and depression prior to the onset of diabetes (feeling of being used by close ones before being discarded).
Patients are inclined towards social work.


Head

Short tempered with heaviness in head, mental depression and are always cribbing



Stomach
Indigestion with regurgitation of food and heaviness in pyloric region after taking food. Constipation.

Urine
Unable to retain urine. Nocturia with copious urination.

Relationship
Compare Syzygium Jamb, Amygdalus Persica Folium, Abroma Augusta, Acid Phos etc.


#
Age/
Sex Symptoms Sign Observations
Blood Serum Glucose mg/dl
1st Day 10th Day 30th Day Difference
1st & 10th Day Difference
10th & 30th Day
1 68/
Male Polyuria , Polydepsia with H/o, weight loss Pulse= 70/min.
BP=130/90 mmHg
BSF 195

BSR 270 BSF 175

BSR 240 BSF 128

BSR 175 BSF 20

BSR 30 BSF 47

BSR 65
2 65/
Male Diabetic for last 16 years. Family history of diabetes. H/o Nocturia and polyuria Pulse= 80/min
BP=150/90 mmHg
Wound on thumb BSF 210

BSR 365 BSF 170

BSR 270 BSF 130

BSR 200 BSF 40

BSR 95
BSF 40

BSR 70
3 65/
Male Diabetic for last 1 year
Family history -ve
H/o weight loss and general weakness Pulse= 85/min
BP=130/80 mmHg
BSF 190

BSR 260
BSF 135

BSR 210 BSF 115

BSR 155 BSF 55

BSR 50 BSF 20

BSR 55
4 70/
Female Known diabetic for last 10 years. With H/o numbness in limbs and Polyphegia, polydepsia
Pulse= 86/min
BP=140/95 mmHg
BSF 165

BSR 225 BSF 127

BSR 200 BSF 118

BSR 165 BSF 38

BSR 25 BSF 9

BSR 35

5 71/
Male Recently diagnosed diabetes with family history of diabetes. C/o ploydepsia,nocturia & weakness Pulse= 90/min
BP=160/70 mmHg
BSF 160

BSR 225 BSF 135

BSR 170 BSF 105

BSR 146 BSF 25

BSR 55 BSF 30

BSR 24
6 41/
Male Diabetic since last 7 - 8 years. With C/o tiredness, lethargy and polyphagia with weight loss Pulse= 78/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
BSF 150

BSR 245 BSF 135

BSR 210 BSF 115

BSR 190 BSF 15

BSR 35 BSF 20

BSR 20

7 50/
Female Diabetic since last 10 years. H/o Complains of generalized body pain with sciatica and increased urination. Pulse= 86/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
BSF 210

BSR 340 BSF 180

BSR 265 BSF 145

BSR 200 BSF 30

BSR 75 BSF 35

BSR 65
8


65/
Male Diabetic since last 23 years with positive family history. C/o blurred vision, breathlessness Pulse= 87/min
BP=150/100 mmHg
BSF 200

BSR 230 BSF 195

BSR 230 BSF 200

BSR 210 BSF 5

BSR 0 BSF 05

BSR 20


9


58/
Female Diabetic since last 15 years. Cirrhosis of Liver for last 2 years. Family history +ve with burning soles. Pulse= 66/min.
BP= 130/90 mmHg BSF 231

BSR 300 BSF 225

BSR 290 BSF 230

BSR 300 BSF 6

BSR 10 BSF 5

BSR 10
10


45/
Male Diabetic since last 5 years. C/o nocturia, polydepsia and generalized body aches and pains. Pulse= 89/min
BP= 140/90 mm Hg BSF 225

BSR 340 BSF 160

BSR 275 BSF 115

BSR 160 BSF 65

BSR 65 BSF 45

BSR 115
11


36/
Male Diabetic since last 1.5 years. C/o skin infections repeated with generalized body aches and pains. Pulse= 70/min
BP= 120/70 mm Hg BSF 240

BSR 375 BSF 145

BSR 280 BSF 110

BSR 165 BSF 95

BSR 95 BSF 35

BSR 115
12


58/
Female Diabetic since last 12 years. C/o nocturia with weight loss and polyphagia Pulse= 79/min
BP= 130/100 mm Hg BSF 180

BSR 310 BSF 130

BSR 265 BSF 125

BSR 190 BSF 50

BSR 45 BSF 5

BSR 75
13


52/
Male Recently diagnosed diabetic with C/o Polyuria, ploydepsia and generalized body aches & pains Pulse 60/min.
BP= 120/80 mm Hg BSF 140

BSR 285 BSF 115

BSR 245 BSF 100

BSR 175 BSF 25

BSR 40 BSF 15

BSR 70
14


43/
Male Came with complaint of polyuria and nicturia and was diagnosed of having diabetes Pulse78/min.
BP= 110/70 mm Hg BSF 255

BSR 325 BSF 200

BSR 300 BSF 135

BSR 210 BSF 55

BSR 25 BSF 65

BSR 90
15


60/
Male Diabetic since last 7 years. C/o weakess, weight loss & polydepsia with nocturia Pulse= 82/min
BP= 150/100 mm Hg BSF 190

BSR 270 BSF 165

BSR 205 BSF 125

BSR 160 BSF 25

BSR 65 BSF 40

BSR 45
16


68/
Female Diabetic since last 22 years. C/o lethargy, weight loss, blurred vision and angina Pulse= 78/min
BP= 130/70 mm Hg BSF 150

BSR 295 BSF 135

BSR 250 BSF 120

BSR 200 BSF 15

BSR 45 BSF 15

BSR 50
BSF: BLOOD SUGAR FASTING ;
BSR: BLOOD SUGAR RANDOM


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The present study demonstrates that Curry Leaves mother tincture prepared according to Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in ethyl alcohol and water attenuates the elevation of serum glucose concentration in patients suffering from diabetes type II.


 By enhancing the insulin release from the beta cells from islets of langarhan in pancreas

 Inhibition of glucose absorption from the large intestine or by increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the body at receptor level.

 In the present study, sixteen patients were ear marked for treatment. Two of them didn’t showed any decrease in blood sugar concentration while the rest showed a significant decrease in the blood sugar level concentration, which on the average is about 28 - 40%.
 Almost all the patients showed significant improvement symptomatically.


REFERENCES


 KUMAR P.J., CLERK HL. Diabetes Mellitus and other disorders of Metabolism in Clinical Medicine. Biollere Tindall, London, 1990. pp 830 – 835.
 Zimmet P,Type II (Non Insulin dependant) Diabetes: An Epidemiological Overview, Diabetologia 1982, 22, 399 – 411
 Kilo C. Current. Status of oral agents in diabetics. Comprehensive Therapy 1982; 8, 26 – 32.
 Jekka McVicar. New Book of Herbs. Darling Kindersley Limited, London, 2002. pp 200)
 S. K. Bhattacharjee. Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Aavishkar Publishers, India, 2001, pp231)
 O. Tucker, P.H.D. and Thomas Sebaggio. The big Book of Herbs. Interweave Press, USA, 2000, pp 380)
 Jessica Houdret, A Visual Dictionary of Herbs. Joanna Lorenz. Anness Publishing. USA 2000. pp 98)
 Simmons D Williams Dr, Powell MJ, Prevalence of Diabetes in Different Regional sand Religious South Asian Communities in Coventry. Diabet Med. 1992: Jun; 9(5): 428-31

Evidence Based Pilot Study On Role of Homeopathic Drugs In cases of Kidney Stones , Paper to be presented at 18th International Conference on 4 -5 Oct

***
EVIDENCE BASED PILOT STUDY ON THE ROLE OF
HOMOEOPATHIC DRUGS IN CASES OF KIDNEY STONES


BY

Dr. Girish Gupta, B. Sc., G.H.M.S. (Gold Medalist), M.D. (Hom.)
Chief Consultant
GAURANG CLINIC AND CENTRE FOR HOMOEOPATHIC RESEARCH



ABSTRACT


A total of 1015 well followed – up cases of renal calculi comprising of 759 cases of Unilateral Renal Calculi and 256 of Bilateral Renal Calculi (including 6 and 3 cases of Urinary Bladder Calculi respectively) were assessed at GCCHR from December 1996 till December 2008. Ultrasonography and / or X–Ray of KUB region was the main diagnostic criteria. In follow–up, the same was repeated after symptomatic relief or after sufficient time gap. Treatment with Homoeopathic drugs showed positive response by dissolution/ fragmentation/ passage of stone in majority of cases. The period of treatment varied from case to case depending on size, type and location of stone.


INTRODUCTION

Nephrolithiasis or Urolithiasis is the formation of stones in kidney and urinary tract respectively. Kidney stones are developed from crystals that separate from the urine in the urinary tract. Normally, urine contains chemicals that inhibit crystal formation. When these chemicals do not work, crystals are formed. These crystals can grow through a process of accretion to form a kidney stone. [1] Stone formation is also related to decreased urine volume or increased excretion of stone–forming components such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine and phosphate. Kidney stones may contain various combinations of chemicals like oxalate or phosphate of calcium. Struvite stones are formed by infection in the urinary tract. Uric acid and Cystine stones are rare. [2]


OBJECTIVE

1. To critically assess the efficacy of Homoeopathic drugs in patients of Renal and Ureteric calculi.

2. To treat the cases of recurrence after surgery and ESWL.

3. To generate standardized and quality controlled data to facilitate the validation of efficacy of Homoeopathic drugs in cases of renal stones.


TYPES OF STONES

1. Calcium oxalate stones: are the most common type of kidney stone occurring in about 80% of cases [7] and the factors that promote the precipitation of crystals in the urine are associated with the development of these stones. It is a misconception that consumption of too much calcium could promote the development of calcium stones. However, current evidence suggests that the consumption of low-calcium diets is actually associated with a higher overall risk for the development of kidney stones. [23] This is related to the role of calcium in binding ingested oxalate in the gastrointestinal tract. As the amount of calcium intake decreases, the amount of oxalate available for absorption into the bloodstream increases. This oxalate is then excreted in greater amounts into the urine by the kidneys. In the urine, oxalate is a very strong promoter of calcium oxalate precipitation, about 15 times stronger than calcium.

2. Uric acid (urate): About 5–10% of all stones are formed from uric acid. [7] Uric acid stones form in association with conditions that cause hyperuricosuria with or without high blood serum uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) or with disorder of acid/base metabolism where the urine is excessively acidic (low pH) resulting in uric acid precipitation. A diagnosis of uric acid nephrolithiasis is supported if there is a radiolucent stone, persistent undue urine acidity, and uric acid crystals in fresh urine samples. [24]

3. Other types: Other types of kidney stones are composed of struvite (magnesium, ammonium and phosphate); calcium phosphate; and cystine.

The formation of struvite stones is associated with the presence of urea-splitting bacteria, most commonly Proteus mirabilis (but also Klebsiella, Serratia, Providencia species). These organisms are capable of splitting urea into ammonia, decreasing the acidity of the urine and resulting in favorable conditions for the formation of struvite stones. Struvite stones are always associated with urinary tract infections.
The formation of calcium phosphate stones is associated with conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis.
Formation of cystine stones is uniquely associated with people suffering from cystinuria, who accumulate cystine in their urine.
Urolithiasis has also been noted to occur in the setting of therapeutic drug use, with crystals of drug forming within the renal tract in some patients currently being treated with Indinavir, Sulfadiazine or Triamterene. [25]


CAUSES

Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume or an excess of stone-forming substances such as calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine and phosphate in the urine. The most common type of kidney stone contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate. Other chemical compounds that can form stones in the urinary tract include uric acid and the amino acid cystine.
Dehydration due to reduced fluid intake or strenuous exercise without adequate fluid replacement increases the risk of kidney stones. Obstruction to the flow of urine can also lead to stone formation. Kidney stones can also result from infection in the urinary tract; such stones are known as struvite or infection stones. Different conditions that can lead to kidney stones are:

1. Gout: Increased amount of uric acid in urine can lead to the formation of uric acid stones. [7]

2. Hypercalciuria (high urinary calcium): Another inherited condition which causes stones in more than half of cases. In this condition, too much calcium is absorbed from food and excreted into the urine where it may form calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones. [7]

3. Kidney stones are common in patients with Hyperparathyroidism [10] and Crohn's disease. [12]

4. Kidney diseases such as renal tubular acidosis [7], Dent's disease [9] and Medullary Sponge kidney [11]. It is not only dietary calcium that cause stone but leaching of bone calcium as in renal tubular acidosis causes a chronic acidic state and also decrease urinary citrate levels (since citrates are normally present as potent inhibitors of stone formation) making individual prone stone formation.

5. Inherited metabolic conditions including cystinuria and hyperoxaluria.

6. Chronic diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) are also associated with an increased risk of developing kidney stones.

7. People with inflammatory bowel disease or who have had an intestinal bypass are also more likely to develop kidney stones.

8. Some medications also raise the risk of kidney stones. These medications include some diuretics, calcium-containing antacids and the protease inhibitor Crixivan (indinavir), a drug used to treat HIV infection [18].

9. Fluoridation of water may increase the risk of kidney stone formation. In one study, patients with symptoms of skeletal fluorosis were 4.6 times as likely to develop kidney stones. [13] However, fluoride may also be an inhibitor of urinary stone formation. [14]


PREVALENCE

In United States, about 10–15% of adults suffer from kidney stone. [4] The incidence rate increases to 20–25% in the Middle East because of increased risk of dehydration in hot climates. (The typical Arabian diet is also 50% lower in calcium and 25% higher in oxalates compared to Western diets, increasing the net risk.) [6] Recurrence rates are estimated at about 10% per year, totaling 50% over a 5–10 year period and 75% over 20 years. [7] Men are affected approximately 4 times more often than women. Whites are more often affected than blacks. The prevalence of kidney stones begin to rise when men reach their 40s and it continues to climb into their 70s. A family history of kidney stones is also a risk factor for the development of kidney stones. One in every 20 people develop a kidney stone at some point in their life. Recent evidence has shown an increase in pediatric cases. [8]


SIGN AND SYMPTOMS [15] [16]

1. Renal Colic: Sudden onset of excruciating, cramping, intermittent, extreme colicky pain in back "loin to groin” which waxes and wanes in severity and is not relieved by change of posture, radiating from the back, down the flank, and into the groin with nausea and vomiting. [17] Obstruction in urinary tract due to calculus with dilatation of ureter and renal pelvis as well as spasm of muscle, trying to move the stone, can cause severe episodic pain (Renal Colic).

2. Haematuria: Blood in the urine due to minor damage to inside wall of kidney, ureter and / or urethra. [3]

3. Pyuria: Pus in the urine. [3]

4. Dysuria: Burning on urination due to infection or passage of stone with bad smelling cloudy urine with fever and chill. [3]

5. Nausea / Vomiting: Embryological link with intestine–stimulates the vomiting centre. [3]

6. Oliguria: Reduced urinary volume caused by obstruction of the bladder or urethra by stone causing hydronephrosis. [18]

7. Postrenal azotemia: When kidney stone blocks ureter. [19]


INVESTIGATIONS AND DIAGNOSIS

Clinical diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the location and severity of the pain which is typically colic in nature (comes and goes in spasmodic waves). Pain in the back occurs when calculi produce an obstruction in the kidney. [3] Imaging techniques (X–Rays [5], IVP/IVU (Intravenous Pyelogram/Intravenous Urogram), Retrograde Pyelogram and Ultrasonography are used to confirm the diagnosis. A number of other tests can be undertaken to help establish both the possible cause and consequences of the stone.

About 10% of stones do not have enough calcium to be seen on standard x-rays (radiolucent stones which are seen on Ultrasonography only). Ultrasonography is also instrumental in detecting hydronephrosis [5] and location of stone.

Other investigations include serum calcium levels, routine, microscopic and culture of urine [5]


TREATMENT IN MODERN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own with ample fluid intake. Pain medications can be prescribed for symptom relief. There are several factors which influence the ability to pass a stone. These include the size of the stone, prostate enlargement, anatomical variation of urinary tract and pregnancy. Stones of 4 mms or less has an 90% chance of passage while a 5 mm stone has a 20% chance. Stones larger than 9-10 mm rarely pass on their own and usually require treatment. [20]

Some medications have been used to increase the passage rates of kidney stones. These include calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and alpha blockers such as tamsulosin. These drugs may be prescribed to some people who have stones that do not rapidly pass through the urinary tract.

For kidney stones which do not pass on their own, surgical intervention is required. To avoid classical surgery, a procedure called Extra – corporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is often used. In this procedure, shock waves are used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces that can then pass through the urinary system.

Surgical techniques have also been developed to remove kidney stones. This may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as an ureteroscope passed through the urethra and bladder upto the ureter.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Patients: A total of 1015 well followed – up cases of renal calculi comprising of 759 cases of Unilateral Renal Calculi and 256 of Bilateral Renal Calculi (including 6 and 3 cases of Urinary Bladder Calculi respectively) were assessed at GCCHR from December 1996 till December 2008.

2. Diagnostic Parameter: Ultrasonography and / or X–Ray of KUB region. IVP in a few cases.

3. Assessment Criteria: Side, size, location and number of Renal Calculi.

4. Follow up Ultrasonography or X–Ray: After symptomatic relief or after sufficient time gap.

5. Software: An indigenous software was developed for data analysis.

6. Homoeopathic medicines: The main drugs used are mentioned with individual cases and in tabular form elsewhere.


INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CIRTERIA

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Cases (symptomatic or asymptomatic) with ultrasongraphic / radiographic evidence of calculi in kidney / ureter / urinary bladder.
2. Size of calculi more than 5 mm.


Exclusion Criteria:

1. Moderate to severe hydroureteronephrosis.
2. Stag horn calculus.
3. Laboratory findings of uraemia (raised Blood urea and S. creatinine) / impaired kidney functions.
4. Recurrent urinary tract infection.
5. Pyonephrosis.
6. Gross haematuria.
7. Acute retention of urine for more than 24 hours.
8. Hyperparathroidism.
9. Gross developmental defects or structural abnormality of kidney.
10. Diseases of cardiovascular and endocrine system, systemic infections or on other therapies.


A FEW MODEL CASES


CASE – 1: REGN. NO.: P–05491 (AGE: 60 YEARS)

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:

A sixty year old female was suffering from recurrent severe pain left side of lower abdomen with nausea and vomiting with H/O recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI).

PAST HISTORY:
o Cholecystectomy – 2000
o Urticaria – 2004

INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (10/12/2004):

A 13 mm calculus is noted in middle calyx of left kidney with focal caliectasis.






















RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION:

• Dreams : of unsuccessful efforts
unable to shriek in

• Anxiety about : health
family

• Desire for company
Amelioration from consolation
Sympathetic
Conversation aversion to
Offended easily
Mood changeable
Sentimental
Extrovert
Anger easily
Anger violent
Weeping tendency

• Desire for salty things

• Renal Calculi



RESULT OF REPERTORISATION

REMEDIES PHOS CALC CARB LYCO
TOTALITY 26 23 23
SYMPTOMS COVERED 13/17 13/17 11/17

Medicine Selected: Calcarea carbonica


DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–05491

April 15, 2005:
Calcarea carbonica 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.

May 05, 2005:
Pain left side of lower abdomen reduced. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.

May 26, 2005:
Pain abdomen much reduced. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.

June 27, 2005:
Pain in left lower abdomen recurred. Calcarea carbonica 1000 single dose was repeated followed by Berberis vulgaris Q thrice daily for 3 weeks.

July 19, 2005:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 19/07/2005 revealed normal left kidney with no evidence of any calculus.

























CASE – 2: REGN. NO.: I–00138 (AGE: 48 YEARS)

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:

A forty eight year old female was suffering from recurrent moderate to severe pain right flank with nausea and vomiting.

PAST HISTORY:
o Cholecystectomy – September 2007
o Tubectomy – 12 years back

INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (29/09/2008)

A 11 mm calculus is noted in right renal pelvis at pelvi – ureteric junction with hydronephrosis.




















RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION

• Desire for company
Consolation aggravates
Offended easily
Weeping tendency
Fastidious
Anger tendency: Talk: indisposed to
Indisposed to talk

• Desire for salty things

• Thirstlessness

• Perspiration on palm

• Perspiration on sole




RESULT OF REPERTORISATION

REMEDIES NAT MUR NUX VOM PULS
TOTALITY 21 18 18
SYMPTOMS COVERED 11/11 8/11 8/11

Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient

Medicine Selected: Natrum muriaticum


DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: I–00138

Nov. 11, 2008:
Natrum muriaticum 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.

Nov. 28, 2008:
Right flank pain reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.

Dec. 15, 2008:
Right flank pain much reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.

Jan. 19, 2009:
Pain right flank with nausea and vomiting. Ocimum 30 was prescribed twice daily and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.

Feb. 04, 2009:
No flank pain. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.

Feb. 26, 2009:

Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 16/02/2009 revealed normal right kidney with no evidence of any calculus at pelvi – ureteric junction.






















CASE 3: REGN. NO.: P–05859 (AGE: 21 YEARS)

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:

A twenty year old male was suffering from recurrent pain and heaviness right loin region for the last 1 year.

PAST HISTORY:
o Right renal calculus – 2005
o Cervical lymphadenopathy – 10 years back
(took Allopathic treatment)

INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (30/04/2006)

A 9 mm calculus is seen in central sinus of right kidney.


RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION


• Anxiety about : health

• Desire for company
Amelioration from consolation
Fastidious
Sympathetic
Disposition to contradict
Mood changeable
Sentimental
Extroverted
Remorse
Oversensitive to noise
Quiet disposition
Mildness
Weeping tendency
Memory active
Desire for open air

• Desire for salty things

• Renal Calculi


RESULT OF REPERTORISATION

REMEDIES PHOS PULS LYCO
TOTALITY 31 30 26
SYMPTOMS COVERED 16/18 14/18 14/18

Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient

Medicine Selected: Pulsatilla


DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–05859

April 30, 2006:
Pulsatilla 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 4 weeks.

May 22, 2006:
Pain and heaviness right loin region reduced. Patient reported of burning at the conclusion of micturition. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.

June 30, 2006:
No pain was reported by the patient. Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.

July 27, 2006:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 25/07/2006 revealed normal right kidney with no evidence of calculus.


CASE 4: REGN. NO.: A–01866 (AGE: 25 YEARS)

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:


A twenty five year old male was suffering from recurrent pain both flanks with dysuria and vomiting off and on for the last 2 years.

INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (03/08/2008)

Single 5.4 mm calculus in middle calyx of right kidney. 5.9 mm calculus in lower calyx of left kidney and 7.2 mm calculus at left uretero – vesicular junction with hydroureteronephrosis.


RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION

• Ailment from : suppressed anger

• Fear : before examination

• Anxiety : in crowd
about future
about business
anticipating

• Nervousness
Desire for company
Obstinate
Weeping tendency
Sympathetic
Sentimental
Timidity/Mildness
Yielding disposition

• Desire for salty things


RESULT OF REPERTORISATION


REMEDIES LYCO PHOS NAT MUR
TOTALITY 22 22 20
SYMPTOMS COVERED 13/15 10/15 12/15

Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient

Medicine Selected: Lycopodium


DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: A–01866

Aug. 06, 2008:
Lycopodium 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.

Aug. 21, 2008:
Flank pain reduced. No dysuria. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 2 weeks.

Sept. 08, 2008:
No flank pain but dysuria recurred. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily along with Berberis vulgaris Q for 3 weeks.

Sept. 28, 2008:
Mild flank pain off and on. Dysuria much reduced. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 5 week.

Nov. 04, 2008:
No flank pain or dysuria. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 4 weeks.

Dec. 08, 2008:
Patient well. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 06/12/2008 revealed normal kidneys with no evidence of any calculus.


CASE 5: REGN. NO.: P–00604 (AGE: 57 YEARS)

PRESENTING SYMPTOMS:


A fifty seven year old male was having asymptomatic multiple left renal calculi for the last 2–3 years with poor, interrupted flow of urine with hesitancy off and on.

PAST HISTORY:
o Passage of calculus – once
o Sinusitis – 20 years back
o Urticaria – in childhood

INITIAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY REPORT (04/04/2008)

Few calculi of 5–8 mms are seen in upper and middle calyx of left kidney with left PUJ narrowing and moderate hydronephrosis

RUBRICS FOR REPERTORISATION

• Ailment : from suppressed anger

• Dreams : of animals
unable to shriek in
business of the day

• Anxiety about : future
family
business

• Aversion to company / Fond of solitude
Irritability
Mood changeable
Thinking of complaints aggravate
Restlessness
Egotism
Dictatorial
Nervousness
Frightened easily
Anger from contradiction
Aversion to work
Sleepiness

• Desire for open air
• Desire for sweet things



RESULT OF REPERTORISATION

REMEDIES LYCO NUX–VOM SEPIA
TOTALITY 41 37 35
SYMPTOMS COVERED 20/22 19/22 19/22

Heat/Cold Reaction: Hot patient

Medicine Selected: Lycopodium


DATE–WISE FOLLOW UP: REGN. NO.: P–00604

April 13, 2008:
Lycopodium 1000 single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q 10 drops in ½ cup water thrice daily for 2 weeks.

May 19, 2008:
Left flank pain reduced and urinary flow improved. Only Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 8 weeks on different visits.

July 27, 2008:
Flank pain much reduced but urinary trouble increased with dysuria at times. Sarsaparilla 30 was prescribed twice daily along with Berberis vulgaris Q for 4 weeks.

Sept. 02, 2008:
Flank pain recurred with urinary trouble. Lycopodium 1000 single dose and Berberis vulgaris Q was repeated for 8 weeks.

Oct. 31, 2008:
No further reduction in flank pain and urinary trouble. Lycopodium 10M single dose was prescribed followed by Berberis vulgaris Q for 8 weeks on different visits.

Jan. 13, 2009:
Patient was clinically asymptomatic. Ultrasonography of KUB dated 28/12/2008 revealed normal left kidney with no evidence of any calculus.


RESULTS

1. Out of 820 stones in different locations of Unilateral renal calculi cases, positive response was obtained in 534 (65.12 %) patients. A total of 455 patients (55.49 %) were cured, 79 patients (9.63 %) improved, 221 patients (26.95 %) maintained status quo and 65 patients (7.93 %) did not improve. (Table – 6)

2. Out of 629 stones in different locations of Bilateral renal calculi cases, positive response was obtained in 366 (58.47 %) patients. A total of 286 patients (45.69 %) were cured, 80 patients (12.78 %) improved, 221 patients (35.30 %) maintained status quo and 39 patients (6.23 %) did not improve. (Table – 6)

3. Best response was obtained in Ureteric stones. Out of 358 Ureteric stones, positive response was obtained in 289 (80.73 %) stones (Table – 12). Better response was obtained in stones of urinary bladder in which out of 9 stones, positive response was obtained in 7 (77.78 %) (Table – 13), followed by 61.40 % in Upper calyx (Table – 8), 57.25 % in Middle calyx (Table – 9), 56.07 % in Pelvic – calyceal system (Table – 7), 54.90 % in Lower calyx (Table – 10). Minimum response 45.53 % was obtained in stones of renal pelvis. (Table – 11)

4. Largest stone cured was of 15 mm in left kidney and 12 mm in right kidney respectively in unilateral calculi cases while 11 mm in left and 26 mm in right was the size of stones in bilateral calculi cases.

5. Five (5) days was the minimum while 746 days was the maximum time taken in cure of a stone.

6. Married patients (67.59 %) outnumbered unmarried ones (32.41 %). However, no definite relation could be established between marital status and occurrence of renal calculi. (Table – 4)

7. Male patients (70.64 %) were more prone than female ones (29.36 %) to develop kidney stones. (Table – 3)

8. Occurrence of renal calculi was maximum between 20 – 35 years of age i.e. 50.15 % while minimum i.e. 11.63 % incidence was seen in patients of 50 years and above. 25.22 % patients were between 36 – 50 years of age while 13.00 % were below 20 years. (Table – 2)


TABLE – 1

DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SITE AND SIDE

{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Position Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Upper Calyx 43 05.20 % 48 05.81 % 137 21.78 %
2. Middle Calyx 104 12.59 % 91 11.02 % 205 32.59 %
3. Lower Calyx 98 11.86 % 79 09.56 % 160 25.44 %
4. Pelvis 34 04.12 % 51 06.81 % 38 6.04 %
5. Ureter 129 15.62 % 143 17.31 % 86 13.67 %
6. Urinary Bladder 6 00.73 % 3 0.48 %


TABLE – 2

DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO AGE

{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Age Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Below 20 years 55 14.07 % 43 11.68 % 34 13.28 %
2. Between 20–35 years 185 47.31 % 176 47.83 % 148 57.81 %
3. Between 36–50 years 113 28.90 % 102 27.72 % 41 16.02 %
4. Above 50 years 38 09.72 % 47 12.77 % 33 12.89 %



TABLE – 3

DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SEX

{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)

(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Sex Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Male 269 68.80 % 255 69.29 % 193 75.39 %
2. Female 122 31.20 % 113 30.71 % 63 24.61 %



TABLE – 4

DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO MARITAL STATUS


{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)

(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Marital Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Married 281 71.87 % 265 72.01 % 140 54.69 %
2. Unmarried 110 28.13 % 103 27.99 % 116 45.31 %



TABLE – 5

DIVISION OF RENAL CALCULI CASES ACCORDING TO SIZE OF STONE

{Total Patients: 1015; Unilateral Renal Calculi: 759; Bilateral Renal Calculi: 256)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total patients: 759) (Total patients: 256)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total patients: 391) (Total patients: 368)
SN Size of stone Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Upto 10 mms 333 85.17 % 322 87.50 % 236 92.19 %
2. Between 11–15 mms 41 10.48 % 23 6.25 % 14 5.47 %
3. Between 16–20 mms 14 3.58 % 16 4.35 % 4 1.56 %
4. Above 20 mms 3 0.77 % 7 1.90 % 2 0.78 %



TABLE – 6

OVER ALL STATUS OF STONES (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 1449; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 820; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 629)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 820) (Total stones: 629)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 408) (Total stones: 412)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 269 65.93 % 265 64.32 % 366 58.47 %
1 A. Cured 230 56.37 % 225 54.61 % 286 45.69 %
1 B. Improved 39 09.56 % 40 09.71 % 80 12.78 %
2. Status Quo 114 27.94 % 107 25.97 % 221 35.30 %
3. Not Improved 25 6.13 % 40 09.71 % 39 6.23 %


TABLE – 7

STATUS OF STONES IN PELVI – CALYCEAL SYSTEM (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 1088; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 548; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 540)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 548) (Total stones: 540)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 279) (Total stones: 269)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 161 57.71 % 151 56.13 % 298 55.19 %
1 A. Cured 125 44.80 % 117 43.49 % 225 41.67 %
1 B. Improved 36 12.91 % 34 12.64 % 73 13.52 %
2. Status Quo 95 34.05 % 89 33.09 % 206 38.14 %
3. Not Improved 23 8.24 % 29 10.78 % 36 6.67 %


TABLE – 8

STATUS OF STONES IN UPPER CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 228; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 91; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 137)

(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 91) (Total stones: 137)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 43) (Total stones: 48)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 30 69.76 % 29 60.42 % 81 59.12 %
1 A. Cured 24 55.81 % 23 47.92 % 65 47.44 %
1 B. Improved 6 13.95 % 6 12.50 % 16 11.68 %
2. Status Quo 12 27.91 % 13 27.08 % 45 32.85 %
3. Not Improved 1 2.33 % 6 12.50 % 11 8.03 %


TABLE – 9

STATUS OF STONES IN MIDDLE CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 400; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 195; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 205)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 195) (Total stones: 205)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 104) (Total stones: 91)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 67 64.42 % 52 57.15 % 110 63.16 %
1 A. Cured 53 50.96 % 47 51.65 % 83 40.49 %
1 B. Improved 14 13.46 % 5 5.50 % 27 13.17 %
2. Status Quo 27 25.96 % 33 36.26 % 86 41.95 %
3. Not Improved 10 9.62 % 6 6.59 % 9 4.39 %


TABLE – 10

STATUS OF STONES IN LOWER CALYX (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 337; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 177; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 160)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 177) (Total stones: 160)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 98) (Total stones: 79)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 55 56.12 % 47 59.49 % 83 51.88 %
1 A. Cured 43 43.88 % 38 48.10 % 60 37.50 %
1 B. Improved 12 12.24 % 9 11.39 % 23 14.38 %
2. Status Quo 38 38.78 % 27 34.18 % 66 41.25 %
3. Not Improved 5 5.10 % 5 6.33 % 11 6.87 %


TABLE – 11

STATUS OF STONES IN PELVIS (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 123; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 85; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 38)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 85) (Total stones: 38)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 34) (Total stones: 51)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 9 26.47 % 23 47.10 % 24 63.16 %
1 A. Cured 5 14.71 % 9 17.65 % 17 44.74 %
1 B. Improved 4 11.76 % 14 27.45 % 7 18.42 %
2. Status Quo 18 52.94 % 16 31.37 % 9 23.68 %
3. Not Improved 7 20.59 % 12 23.53 % 5 13.16 %


TABLE – 12

STATUS OF STONES IN URETER (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 358; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 272; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 86)

(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
UNIILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 272) (Total stones: 86)
LEFT RIGHT
(Total stones: 129) (Total stones: 43)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 108 83.72 % 114 79.72 % 67 79.07 %
1 A. Cured 105 81.39 % 108 75.52 % 61 70.93 %
1 B. Improved 3 2.33 % 6 4.20 % 7 8.14 %
2. Status Quo 19 14.73 % 18 12.59 % 15 17.44 %
3. Not Improved 2 1.55 % 11 7.69 % 3 3.49 %


TABLE – 13

STATUS OF STONES IN URINRY BLADDER (AFTER TREATMENT)

{Total Stones: 9; No. of stones in Unilateral cases: 6; No. of stones in Bilateral cases: 3)


(PERIOD: December 1996 – December 2008)
(Total stones: 9)
UNILATERAL BILATERAL
(Total stones: 6) (Total stones: 3)
SN Status Number Percentage Number Percentage

1. Positive Response 5 83.33 % 2 66.67 %
1 A. Cured 5 83.33 % 2 66.67 %
1 B. Improved 0 0.00 % 0 0.00 %
2. Status Quo 1 16.67 % 0 0.00 %
3. Not Improved 0 0.00 % 1 33.33 %


TABLE – 14

MEDICINES USED IN PRESENT STUDY

SN POLYCREST ORGANIC INTERCURRENT TINCTURES


1. Calcarea carbonicum Ocimum Dioscorea Berberis vulgaris
2. Calcarea renalis Sarsaparilla Colocynthes Cantharis
3. Lycopodium clavatum Magnesia carbonica Cantharis Hydrangea
4. Natrum muriaticum Magnesia sulphurica Uva ursi
5. Phosphorus Kali carbonica
6. Pulsatilla
7. Sepia
8. Silicea
9. Sulphur


PREVENTION


Preventive strategies include dietary modifications and sometimes also taking drugs with the goal of reducing excretory load on the kidneys [21] [16]:

• Drinking enough water to make 2 to 2.5 liters of urine per day reduces the risk of kidney stones. (The National Institutes of Health recommend drinking up to 12 full glasses of water a day if a person is already having a kidney stone.) Water helps to flush away the substances that form stones in the kidneys.
• A diet low in protein, nitrogen and sodium intake. Protein from meat and other animal products is broken down into acids, including uric acid. The most available alkaline base to balance the acid from protein is calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) from the bones. The kidney filters the liberated calcium which may then form insoluble crystals (stones) in urine with available oxalate (partly from metabolic processes, partly from diet) or phosphate ions, depending on conditions. High protein intake is therefore associated with decreased bone density as well as stones. The acid load is associated with decreased urinary citrate excretion; citrate competes with oxalate for calcium and can thereby prevent stones. In addition to increased fluid intake, one of the simplest fixes is to moderate animal protein consumption. However, despite epidemiologic data showing that greater protein intake is associated with more stones, randomized controlled trials of protein restriction have not shown reduced stone prevalence.
• Restriction of oxalate-rich foods, such as chocolate, nuts, soybeans [22], rhubarb and spinach, plus maintenance of an adequate intake of dietary calcium. There is equivocal evidence that calcium supplements increase the risk of stone formation, though calcium citrate appears to carry the lowest risk.
• Taking drugs such as thiazides, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate and allopurinol, depending on the cause of stone formation.
• Some fruit juices, such as orange, blackcurrant, and cranberry may be useful for lowering the risk factors for specific types of stones. [23] [24]
• Avoidance of cola beverages. [25] [26]
• Avoiding large doses of vitamin C. [27]
• Avoiding alcohol. It has been claimed that diuretic effects of alcohol can result in dehydration. There are no conclusive data demonstrating any cause and effect regarding kidney stones. However, some feel that frequent drinkers create situations that set up dehydration, hangovers, poor sleep and stress. In this view, it is not the alcohol that create a kidney stone but it is the alcohol drinker's associated behavior that sets it up. [28]
• Alkalinization of the urine with citrates or sodium bicarbonate prevents uric acid stones.
• Though caffeine does acutely increase urinary calcium excretion, several independent epidemiologic studies have shown that coffee intake overall is protective against the formation of stones. [29]


DISCUSSION


Homoeopathic literature is full of medicines which are highly efficacious in dissolution / fragmentation / passage of stone with minimum discomfort. The results are maximized when constitutional homoeopathic medicines are prescribed on totality of symptoms after individualization. Though cases were repertorised and medicines were prescribed on totality, Berberis vulgaris Q was invariably prescribed in all the cases. Cantharis Q was given to patients with recurrent urinary tract infection and cutting, burning pain in renal area with painful urging to urinate. Uva ursi Q was prescribed in patients with profound urinary symptoms like haematuria, frequent urging with spasm of urinary bladder. Sarsaparilla was prescribed in patients reporting severe pain and burning at conclusion of micturition due to crystalluria. Ocimum was given to patient with uric acid diathesis and associated with nausea and vomiting. Intercurrent remedies like Dioscorea and Colocynthes were prescribed to tackle frequent renal colic.

Homoeopathy has been proved to be a boon for patients in whom surgery is risky such as – aged ones, hypertensives and diabetics or those who are in search of an alternative to surgery. The patient can take the treatment along with his routine activities without hospitalization or any inconvenience. Treatment with Homoeopathic drug is simple, cost effective and without any side effects with minimal chances of recurrence as compared to patients having undergone surgery or lithotripsy. In modern system of medicine, it is the “effect” of disease which is treated and not the “cause” whereas Homoeopathy treats the root cause of the disease which minimizes the chance of recurrence. Another advantage of Homeopathic treatment is that it can be taken simultaneously along with the allopathic treatment for any other ailment. Such clinical research studies should be further pursued by other Physicians to open new vistas in converting this surgical problem into medical one through judicious employment of already existing Homoeopathic medicines.


CONCLUSION


1. The result of the present study is highly encouraging and open new vistas for the medical treatment of renal calculi.

2. It is evident from the results that majority of cases of calculi in Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder whether big or small, single or multiple can be cured effectively regardless of their location and composition.

3. By treatment through Homoeopathic system of medicine, post surgical complications can be avoided.

4. Homoeopathic drugs are cost effective and easy to use with no side effects.

5. Recurrence of kidney stones and lithotripsy after surgery is very common because the cause remains untreated. The recurrence rate after homoeopathic treatment is nil or very less as it annihilates the root cause of the malady.


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