Diabetes Type 11 Presented at 18th International Conference on Homeopathy at Kuala Lumpur on 4 -5 oct 2009

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EFFECT OF HOMOEOPATHIC MOTHER TINCTURES
AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM & MURRAYA KOENIGII
ON
DIABETES TYPE II


By
DR. MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR QURESHI, Pakistan


ABSTRACT

 Homoeopathic mother tinctures of Amygdalus Persica Folium & Murraya Koenigii were used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II.
 In the present studies; fifteen patients were selected for Amygdalus Persica Folium & sixteen patients were treated with Murraya Koenigii

 The medicines were given for thirty days and blood sugar levels at fasting and random was estimated for the first, tenth and thirtieth day in order to observe the effect of this mother tincture.

 The treatment showed a significant decrease in the blood sugar level.



INTRODUCTION

 Diabetes means excessive urination. It is a syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and relative insulin deficiency, resistance or both. It affects more than 120 million people worldwide and it is estimated that it will affect 220 million people by the year 2020

 Diabetes may be primary or secondary. Primary diabetes has two main forms namely INSULIN DEPENDANT (IDDM) and NON INSULIN DEPENDANT (NIDDM) which are also referred as Type I and Type II diabetes respectively.

 Type II diabetes mellitus is among the most common disorders in the developed and developing countries.

 The diabetes mellitus patient requires good dietary knowledge and this diet management treatment should be tried first. If the diet management is of little benefit, then medicinal treatment is followed up.

 In Allopathic treatment there are three groups of antihyperglycemic agents available i.e. Sulphonyl ureas, Bigunides and α - glycoside inhibitors

 Apart from the use of traditional drugs in Type II diabetes mellitus, there is a large size of population which opts for non traditional treatment with homoeopathic treatment in particular. In homoeopathy following medicines are usually prescribed
 Cephalandra Indica
 Gymnema Sylvestre
 Syzygium Jambolanum
 Uranium Nitricum
 Natrum Muriaticum
 Acid Acetic
 Acid Phosphoric
 Bovista
 Calcarea Carbonica
 Lycopodium Clavatum
 Phosphorus
 Plumbum Metallicum
 Sulphur
 Natrum Sulph etc.




METHODS

 Fasting and random blood samples of all the patients were taken before starting the homoeopathic treatment. The sugar content in the blood was measured by enzymatic chlori method which is based on Trinder Reaction.
The mother tinctures Amygdalus Persica & Murraya Koenigii were obtained from
Dr Masood’s Homoeopathic Stores and Hospital, Lahore.



Prevalence of Diabetes in Different Regional and Religious South Asian Communities in Coventry (UK)

In this study, 4395 resident Asians out of which 94% were represented by five communities namely:
 Punjabi Sikhs
 Punjabi Hindus
 Gujarati Muslims
 Gujarati Hindus
 Pakistani Muslims
Gujarati Muslims had the highest prevalence of Diabetes type II. (Males: 160 out of 1000 & females 204 out of 1000).

In males

Punjabi Sikhs 89 out of 1000
Pakistani Muslims 91 out of 1000
Gujarati Hindus 84 out of 1000
Punjabi Hindus 113 out of 1000




In Females

Punjabi Sikhs 75 out of 1000
Pakistani Muslims 103 out of 1000
Gujarati Hindus 88 out of 1000
Punjabi Hindus 116 out of 1000
This study shows the high prevalence of Diabetes Type II among Asian Community meaning that
1 in 10 persons are suffering from this disease. (8)





AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM

 Amygdalus persica is an old folk medicine used for the treatment of vomiting, laxative and also to expel worms (4)

 Hesperetin flavonoid found in Amygdalus Persica is an antibacterial, antiviral agent which also induces RNA in rat liver nuclei (5)

 The leaves bark and kernels have medicinal virtue. Both the leaves and the bark are still employed for their curative powers. They have demulcent, sedative, diuretic and expectorant action (6).

 The fresh leaves were stated by the older herbalists to possess the power of expelling worms if applied outwardly to the body as a poultice. An infusion of the dried leaves was also recommended for the same purpose (6)

 In Italy, at the present day, there is a popular belief that if fresh peach leaves are applied to the wart and then buried, the wart will fall off by the time the buried leaves have decayed. (6)

 However the mechanism of Amygdalus Persica on the glucose lowering effect is still unclear.


METHODS

 Fifteen patients suffering from diabetes type II were selected for treatment with homoeopathic mother tincture of Amygdalus Persica Folium. The age of the patients varied from 40 to 75 years and all belonged to Lahore City. The symptoms, signs, ages and sex of the patient are listed in Table 1.


DOSAGE

 30 – 40 drops of Amygdalus Persica mother tincture three to four times a day


# Sex Age
(years) Symptoms Sign Medication Family History Observations
Blood Serum Glucose mg/dl
1st Day 10th Day 30th Day Difference
1st & 10th Day Difference
10th & 30th Day
1 Male 77 Diabetic for last 27 years. H/o Polyuria, weakness and weight loss with diminished eyesight Pulse= 85/min.
BP=140/90 mmHg
Weight = 60kg Daonil 1 + 1

Glucophage
1+1+1 Positive BSF 220

BSR 463 BSF 180

BSR 280 BSF 135

BSR 220 BSF 40

BSR 183 BSF 45

BSR 60
2 Male 60 Diabetic for last 7 years. Patient of chronic liver disease. H/o weight loss and lethargy Pulse= 70/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=62 kg Positive BSF 190

BSR 300 BSF 95

BSR 170 BSF 90

BSR 150 BSF 95

BSR 130
BSF 5

BSR 20
3 Male 71 Diabetic for last 10 years H/o polyuria, nocturia, polyphagia and polydepsia Pulse= 90/min
BP=140/95 mmHg
Weight=70 kg Positive BSF 196

BSR 236
BSF 150

BSR 195 BSF 132

BSR 185 BSF 46

BSR 41 BSF 18

BSR 10
4 Male 45 Diabetic for last 10 years. Polyuria, polydepsia
Weakness, lethargy with numbness of feet. Pulse= 60/min
BP=130/90 mmHg
Weight=75 kg Positive BSF 180

BSR 240 BSF 140

BSR 200 BSF 110

BSR 175 BSF 40

BSR 40 BSF 30

BSR25

5 Female 48 Diabetic since last 8 years. H/o weakness and Pulse= 77/min
BP=140/100 mmHg
Weight=55 kg Daonil 1 x OD

Glucophage
1 x BD Positive BSF 175

BSR 226 BSF 140

BSR 205 BSF 110

BSR 188 BSF 35

BSR 21 BSF 30

BSR 17
6 Male 63 Diabetic since last 12 years. H/o nocturia, polyphagia, polydepsia Pulse= 71/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
Weight=67 kg Positive BSF 167

BSR 225 BSF 114

BSR 197 BSF 96

BSR 151 BSF 53

BSR 28 BSF 18

BSR 46

7 Female 55 Diabetic since last 10 years. Complains of generalized weakness with numbness of hands and feet. Pulse= 90/min
BP=150/100 mmHg
Weight=78 kg Negative BSF 176

BSR 245 BSF 140

BSR 210 BSF 125

BSR 187 BSF 36

BSR 35 BSF 15

BSR 23

8 Male 43 Known diabetic for last 5 years. Complains of polyphagia with gradual weight loss Pulse= 63/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=42 kg Positive BSF 270

BSR 340
BSF 204

BSR 300 BSF 120

BSR 190 BSF 66

BSR 40 BSF 84

BSR 110
9 Male 78 Diabetic for last 18 years. Complaining of pain in chest, walks with weakness and nocturia Pulse= 85/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
Weight=51 kg
Positive BSF 150

BSR 200 BSF 110

BSR 160 BSF 90

BSR 135 BSF 40

BSR 40 BSF 20

BSR 25
10 Male 40 Diabetic since last 5 years. Polyuria, polydepsia Pulse= 62/min
BP=120/90 mmHg
Weight=60 kg Positive BSF 200

BSR 365
BSF 157

BSR 275 BSF 128

BSR 197 BSF 43

BSR 90 BSF 29

BSR 78
11 Male 50 Known diabetic since last 6 years. Complains of dry mouth, thirst and Pulse= 78/min
BP=155/100 mmHg
Weight=73 kg Positive BSF 170

BSR 250 BSF 148

BSR 215 BSF 119

BSR 184
BSF 22

BSR35 BSF 29

BSR 31
12 Male 42 Diabetic since last 3 months. Complains of polyuria, polydepsia. Weight loss and weakness. Pulse= 70/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
Weight=59 kg Positive BSF 215

BSR 378
BSF 168

BSR 260 BSF 134

BSR 188 BSF 47

BSR 118 BSF 34

BSR 72
13 Male 50 H/o weakness and lethargy. Known diabetic since last 5 years Pulse= 88/min
BP=140/90 mmHg
Weight=70 kg Positive BSF 247

BSR 410
BSF 204

BSR 328 BSF 167

BSR 221 BSF 43

BSR 82 BSF 37

BSR 107
14 Male 40 Complains of with burning sensation in feet. Pulse= 78/min
BP=130/85 mmHg
Weight=80 kg Positive BSF 180

BSR 292
BSF 153

BSR 237 BSF 109

BSR 164 BSF 27

BSR 55 BSF 44

BSR 73
15 Male 55 Diabetic since last 15 years. Complains of lethargy and weakness Pulse=90/min.
BP=150/100 mm Hg
Weight = 51 kg Positive BSF 280

BSR 431
BSF 214

BSR 310 BSF 172

BSR 215 BSF 66

BSR 121 BSF 42

BSR 95
BSF: BLOOD SUGAR FASTING ;
BSR: BLOOD SUGAR RANDOM

TYPICAL PICTURE OF AN AMYGDALUS PERSICA FOLIUM PATIENT

 Amygdalus Persica Folium patient are usually tall, stout with fair to sallow complexion, having a tendency to lose weight. There is a definite history of mental shock prior to diabetes. These patients are generally carefree, cheerful and least worried about their disease. Patients are emaciated with the complaint of lethargy and weakness with nocturia



RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 The present study demonstrates that Amygdalus Persica mother tincture prepared according to Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in ethyl alcohol and water attenuates the elevation of serum glucose concentration in patients suffering from diabetes type II. There could be three possible mode of actions of Amygdalus Persica which needs further studies to clearly demonstrate the actual mode of action.
 By enhancing the insulin release from the beta cells from islets of langarhan in pancreas

 Inhibition of glucose absorption from the large intestine or by increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the body at receptor level.

(Author’s Theory)
As already mentioned above the traditional use of Amygdalus Persica is to clear the gastrointestinal tract from the worms (wormicidal). So it could be a possibility that in our part of the world (Sub continent and South East Asia) where there is a high prevalence of intestinal worms, and the worms living in our large gut might be secreting a lot of by products of their own metabolism.
These metabolics can be absorbed from the intestine and hence in the blood where they can act as either insulin antagonists or binding with insulin receptors thereby rendering the insulin ineffective and causing Diabetes Type II.

Amygdalus Persica by causing expulsion of these worms and cleaning the gastrointestinal tract can possibly lead insulin to act in a proper way and this leads to lowering of serum blood glucose levels.



Result

The presence or high prevalence of these worms among Asian population can be a contributing factor to Diabetes Type II.


MURRAYA KOENIGII (CURRY LEAVES)

Chemical Composition

The essential oil of curry leaf contains
0 – 45% sabienene,
0 – 38% alpha-pinene,
1 – 29% beta-caryophylene,
1 – 24% beta-gurjunene.
Both the seeds and the leaves are rich in numerous carbazole alkaloids of unknown toxicity. (6)


MEDICINAL USES

 In Asian cooking, the curry leaf is rarely eaten but is used for giving exotic flavour to dishes

 There is an old Indian saying which compares curry leaf to a “person who is used for a particular aim or task before being discarded”.
 Medicinally, it is used for digestive complaints. (4)

The juice of the root is taken to relive a pain associated with kidney.
The leaves yield an essential oil 0.04%. The paste of the leaves is applied on urticaria. The leaves possess carminative properties. The bark is used externally to treat eruptions and bites of poisonous insects and reptiles (very similar to Gymnema Sylvestre) (5)
Contains alkaloid with anti fungal activity.
The juice of the leaves contains vitamin C and minerals including calcium, phosphorus and iron.

It is used as herbal tonic for digestive disorders. Eating fresh leaves is reputed by some to help prevent the onset of diabetes and to induce weight loss (7)


METHODS

Sixteen patients suffering from diabetes type II were selected for treatment with Homoeopathic mother tincture of Murraya Koenigii. The age of the patients varied from 35 to 75 years and all belonged to Lahore City.
The symptoms, signs, ages and sex of the patient are listed in Table 2.


DOSAGE

20 – 30 drops of Murraya Koenigii mother tincture three to four times a day


CLINICAL PRESENTATION, OBSERVATIONS OF A MURRAYA KOENIGII PATIENT

Murraya Koenigii patient are usually of middle height with shallow to dark complexion with normal weight. There is a definite history of mental shock and depression prior to the onset of diabetes (feeling of being used by close ones before being discarded).
Patients are inclined towards social work.


Head
Short tempered with heaviness in head, mental depression and are always cribbing



Stomach
Indigestion with regurgitation of food and heaviness in pyloric region after taking food. Constipation.

Urine
Unable to retain urine. Nocturia with copious urination.

Relationship
Compare Syzygium Jamb, Amygdalus Persica Folium, Abroma Augusta, Acid Phos etc.


#
Age/
Sex Symptoms Sign Observations
Blood Serum Glucose mg/dl
1st Day 10th Day 30th Day Difference
1st & 10th Day Difference
10th & 30th Day
1 68/
Male Polyuria , Polydepsia with H/o, weight loss Pulse= 70/min.
BP=130/90 mmHg
BSF 195

BSR 270 BSF 175

BSR 240 BSF 128

BSR 175 BSF 20

BSR 30 BSF 47

BSR 65
2 65/
Male Diabetic for last 16 years. Family history of diabetes. H/o Nocturia and polyuria Pulse= 80/min
BP=150/90 mmHg
Wound on thumb BSF 210

BSR 365 BSF 170

BSR 270 BSF 130

BSR 200 BSF 40

BSR 95
BSF 40

BSR 70
3 65/
Male Diabetic for last 1 year
Family history -ve
H/o weight loss and general weakness Pulse= 85/min
BP=130/80 mmHg
BSF 190

BSR 260
BSF 135

BSR 210 BSF 115

BSR 155 BSF 55

BSR 50 BSF 20

BSR 55
4 70/
Female Known diabetic for last 10 years. With H/o numbness in limbs and Polyphegia, polydepsia
Pulse= 86/min
BP=140/95 mmHg
BSF 165

BSR 225 BSF 127

BSR 200 BSF 118

BSR 165 BSF 38

BSR 25 BSF 9

BSR 35

5 71/
Male Recently diagnosed diabetes with family history of diabetes. C/o ploydepsia,nocturia & weakness Pulse= 90/min
BP=160/70 mmHg
BSF 160

BSR 225 BSF 135

BSR 170 BSF 105

BSR 146 BSF 25

BSR 55 BSF 30

BSR 24
6 41/
Male Diabetic since last 7 - 8 years. With C/o tiredness, lethargy and polyphagia with weight loss Pulse= 78/min
BP=120/80 mmHg
BSF 150

BSR 245 BSF 135

BSR 210 BSF 115

BSR 190 BSF 15

BSR 35 BSF 20

BSR 20

7 50/
Female Diabetic since last 10 years. H/o Complains of generalized body pain with sciatica and increased urination. Pulse= 86/min
BP=160/90 mmHg
BSF 210

BSR 340 BSF 180

BSR 265 BSF 145

BSR 200 BSF 30

BSR 75 BSF 35

BSR 65
8


65/
Male Diabetic since last 23 years with positive family history. C/o blurred vision, breathlessness Pulse= 87/min
BP=150/100 mmHg
BSF 200

BSR 230 BSF 195

BSR 230 BSF 200

BSR 210 BSF 5

BSR 0 BSF 05

BSR 20


9


58/
Female Diabetic since last 15 years. Cirrhosis of Liver for last 2 years. Family history +ve with burning soles. Pulse= 66/min.
BP= 130/90 mmHg BSF 231

BSR 300 BSF 225

BSR 290 BSF 230

BSR 300 BSF 6

BSR 10 BSF 5

BSR 10
10


45/
Male Diabetic since last 5 years. C/o nocturia, polydepsia and generalized body aches and pains. Pulse= 89/min
BP= 140/90 mm Hg BSF 225

BSR 340 BSF 160

BSR 275 BSF 115

BSR 160 BSF 65

BSR 65 BSF 45

BSR 115
11


36/
Male Diabetic since last 1.5 years. C/o skin infections repeated with generalized body aches and pains. Pulse= 70/min
BP= 120/70 mm Hg BSF 240

BSR 375 BSF 145

BSR 280 BSF 110

BSR 165 BSF 95

BSR 95 BSF 35

BSR 115
12


58/
Female Diabetic since last 12 years. C/o nocturia with weight loss and polyphagia Pulse= 79/min
BP= 130/100 mm Hg BSF 180

BSR 310 BSF 130

BSR 265 BSF 125

BSR 190 BSF 50

BSR 45 BSF 5

BSR 75
13


52/
Male Recently diagnosed diabetic with C/o Polyuria, ploydepsia and generalized body aches & pains Pulse 60/min.
BP= 120/80 mm Hg BSF 140

BSR 285 BSF 115

BSR 245 BSF 100

BSR 175 BSF 25

BSR 40 BSF 15

BSR 70
14


43/
Male Came with complaint of polyuria and nicturia and was diagnosed of having diabetes Pulse78/min.
BP= 110/70 mm Hg BSF 255

BSR 325 BSF 200

BSR 300 BSF 135

BSR 210 BSF 55

BSR 25 BSF 65

BSR 90
15


60/
Male Diabetic since last 7 years. C/o weakess, weight loss & polydepsia with nocturia Pulse= 82/min
BP= 150/100 mm Hg BSF 190

BSR 270 BSF 165

BSR 205 BSF 125

BSR 160 BSF 25

BSR 65 BSF 40

BSR 45
16


68/
Female Diabetic since last 22 years. C/o lethargy, weight loss, blurred vision and angina Pulse= 78/min
BP= 130/70 mm Hg BSF 150

BSR 295 BSF 135

BSR 250 BSF 120

BSR 200 BSF 15

BSR 45 BSF 15

BSR 50
BSF: BLOOD SUGAR FASTING ;
BSR: BLOOD SUGAR RANDOM


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The present study demonstrates that Curry Leaves mother tincture prepared according to Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia in ethyl alcohol and water attenuates the elevation of serum glucose concentration in patients suffering from diabetes type II.


 By enhancing the insulin release from the beta cells from islets of langarhan in pancreas

 Inhibition of glucose absorption from the large intestine or by increased peripheral utilization of glucose in the body at receptor level.

 In the present study, sixteen patients were ear marked for treatment. Two of them didn’t showed any decrease in blood sugar concentration while the rest showed a significant decrease in the blood sugar level concentration, which on the average is about 28 - 40%.
 Almost all the patients showed significant improvement symptomatically.


REFERENCES

 KUMAR P.J., CLERK HL. Diabetes Mellitus and other disorders of Metabolism in Clinical Medicine. Biollere Tindall, London, 1990. pp 830 – 835.
 Zimmet P,Type II (Non Insulin dependant) Diabetes: An Epidemiological Overview, Diabetologia 1982, 22, 399 – 411
 Kilo C. Current. Status of oral agents in diabetics. Comprehensive Therapy 1982; 8, 26 – 32.
 Jekka McVicar. New Book of Herbs. Darling Kindersley Limited, London, 2002. pp 200)
 S. K. Bhattacharjee. Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Aavishkar Publishers, India, 2001, pp231)
 O. Tucker, P.H.D. and Thomas Sebaggio. The big Book of Herbs. Interweave Press, USA, 2000, pp 380)
 Jessica Houdret, A Visual Dictionary of Herbs. Joanna Lorenz. Anness Publishing. USA 2000. pp 98)
 Simmons D Williams Dr, Powell MJ, Prevalence of Diabetes in Different Regional sand Religious South Asian Communities in Coventry. Diabet Med. 1992: Jun; 9(5): 428-31